In recent years ‘autism’ has become an increasingly recognised term for a wide range of groups in society, and its prevalence as a condition is increasing year on year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States announced the prevalence of autism as 1/68 in 2014, the diagnosis rate of autism was updated to 1/59 in 2018, and the latest prevalence rate of autism was 1/54 in 2020. autism has highly heterogeneous characteristics, mainly manifesting continuous, cross-scene communication and social interaction. heterogeneous profile, characterized by impaired continuous, cross-situational communication and social interaction, abnormalities in sensory processing and interests, and restricted, repetitive stereotyped behaviours.

In 1943, Professor Kanner of Johns Hopkins University in the United States published a study on autism. In 1943, Professor Kanner of Johns Hopkins University in the United States reported 11 cases of ‘early infantile autism’ and published the paper ‘Autistic Disorders in Emotional Contact’, in which the first classical description of autism was given. However, with the advancement of dynamic science, the concept of autism has undergone a dramatic shift. There is a growing realisation that the traditional medical paradigm's simplistic generalisation of autism to biologically significant functional deficits and physiological developmental disorders is imperfect and incorrect. Therefore, it is important to revisit autism through the lens of neurodiversity. In this article, the authors will use the term ‘autism’ rather than ‘autistic disorder in emotional contact’. This is because individuals with autism behave differently from the general population only in the sense that the two groups are ‘different’ rather than ‘defective’ or ‘impaired’.

The neurodiversity movement, launched in the 1990s, emphasised that autism is not a ‘defect’ but a ‘difference’. The concept of neurodiversity was developed in a series of discussions between Judy Singer and Harvey Blume, who in 1997 supported the idea of ‘neurological pluralism’ as a new social contract and predicted that ‘the impact of the Internet on the autistic community may be as great as that of the Internet’. In 1997, Blume supported neurological pluralism as a new social contract, and predicted that ‘the Internet could have an impact on the autistic community as widespread as sign language communication among the deaf’. Singer condensed ‘neurodiversity’ to ‘neurodiversity’, a term that has spread rapidly in Internet forums where the autistic community congregates. Neurodiversity is a term coined by autistic individuals in analogy with biodiversity, which essentially means: human brain and neurological differences are part of biodiversity, which essentially means that differences in the structure of the human brain; neurological differences are normal differences, like other human diversity (e.g., race, gender, culture, sexuality, etc.). The Neurodiversity Movement is endeavouring to reintroduce a new understanding of and reflection on autism in society, drawing on

Masataka argues that the developmental deficits in cognition and emotion in individuals with autism are not necessarily deficits, but rather normal behavioural variations exhibited by humans with an evolutionary advantage. Individuals with autism are more inclined to perceive dangers in the non-social domain in depth, and they are neurologically impaired, but it does not affect the survival of individuals with autism.

Due to the complexity of outward expressions and the suddenness of hidden emotions, the autism spectrum has been labelled inappropriately since its discovery, and its 'damaged identity' has been further reinforced in the process of social construction, placing children with autism in an even more vulnerable position. With the progress and development of society, the human social model perspective 'interprets the behavioural pattern of autism as a special cultural phenomenon', which is called 'autism culture', and tries to improve people's acceptance of the diversity of children with autism spectrum disorders. However, the exclusivity of society at large towards children with autism still exists in all aspects of social life.

The public's understanding of children with autism spectrum disorders is mainly through the media, but studies have shown that some television media portray stereotypical images of autistic people, resulting in certain misunderstandings and distortions in the public's understanding of the image of autistic children. In terms of the core functional disadvantages of children on the autism spectrum, it is true that children with autism have difficulties in social interaction, but this does not mean that they have no willingness to interact socially. Simply labelling them as ' socially handicapped' creates the impression that children with autism are ' outsiders' who are ' outside the mainstream society'. This will give others the impression that autistic children are ' outsiders from the mainstream society'. Furthermore, not all autistic children are ' lonely geniuses' as reported by the media, and the intellectual development of some autistic children is indeed below average.