However, some studies have shown that consuming fruits ripened using calcium carbide reduces essential factors such as prostaglandins-E2, interleukin-3, leukopoietin and weakens the immune system (Martins and Chiamaka, 2021; Onwuka et al. 2022). The fat-soluble impurities such as arsenic (As) and phosphorus in calcium carbide are non-degradable and can accumulate in organs, causing potential health burdens, including but not limited to inflammation, blood cell depletion and diabetes mellitus (Onwuka et al., 2022; Ikhajiagbe et al., 2021; Ourna et al., 2022). Moreover, It also adversely affects blood parameters such as haemoglob in concentration, red and white blood cell counts, and packed cell volume (Dhembare, 2013). Besides, it disturbs female reproductive system by causing early puberty, raising blood estrogen concentration (Bafor et al. 2019).

However, some studies have shown that consuming fruits ripened using calcium carbide reduces essential factors such as prostaglandins-E2, interleukin-3, leukopoietin and weakens the immune system (Martins and Chiamaka, 2021; Onwuka et al. 2022). The fat-soluble impurities such as arsenic (As) and phosphorus in calcium carbide are non-degradable and can accumulate in organs, causing potential health burdens, including but not limited to inflammation, blood cell depletion and diabetes mellitus (Onwuka et al., 2022; Ikhajiagbe et al., 2021; Ourna et al., 2022). Moreover, It also adversely affects blood parameters such as haemoglob in concentration, red and white blood cell counts, and packed cell volume (Dhembare, 2013). Besides, it disturbs female reproductive system by causing early puberty, raising blood estrogen concentration (Bafor et al. 2019).