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CCMS CAPSTONE PROJECT
I. Research Title: OKsyon: A Web and Mobile-based Management Application for Livestock Auction Market in Lucena City, Quezon
II. Profile of Researcher
Name of Researchers
ALKUINO, RENE EARNEST D.
CASTILLO, HENRY VINCENT T.
SUBELDIA, KRISTINE JEWELL A.
Degree
BS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Specialization
SPECIALIZATION IN WEB & MOBILE
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Name of Research Adviser
Engr. Roselyn A.
III. Manuscript Content
Platform/s Thematic Areas (Based on MSEUF Research Agenda 2019 – 2030)
Check applicable boxes:
Technology, Engineering, and Industry 4.0 Research
Environmental Protection, Development, and Conservation Research
Business, Economics, and Industry 4.0 Research
Politics, Society, and Culture Research
Legal, Law Enforcement, and Criminology Research
Health Research, Development, Innovation, and Extension
Education 4.0 and Workforce 4.0 Research
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
(Depending on the platform, you may check more than one SDG)
SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
SDG 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
SDG 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
SDG 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.
SDG 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
SDG 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
i
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☐ SDG 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable & modern energy for all
☒ SDG 8. Promote sustained, inclusive, sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work.
☒ SDG 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.
☐ SDG 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries.
☐ SDG 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
☐ SDG 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
☐ SDG 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
☐ SDG 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development.
☐ SDG 15. Protect restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss.
☐ SDG 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.
[ii]
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Complete Capstone Project Title (Title case)
A Capstone Project
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Computing and Multimedia Studies
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation University
Lucena City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
By
Name of Students
<Month Year of Graduation>
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Approval Sheet
This capstone project study hereto entitled:
“Title of Capstone project”
prepared and submitted by <Names of Researchers>, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval.
<Name of Adviser>
Adviser
___________________________________________________
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______.
Dean Rodrigo C. Belleza, Jr.
College of Computing and Multimedia Studies
<Name>
Member
<Name>
Member
iv
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Acknowledgement
For academic theses, there is no right or wrong way to acknowledge people, and who you want to acknowledge is down to personal preference.
V
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Dedication
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Table of Contents
Approval Sheet................................................................................................................ iv
Acknowledgement...................................................................................................... v
Dedication..................................................................................................................... vi
1 Abstract.................................................................................................................... 1
2 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Project Context.................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Purpose and Description................................................................................... 2
2.3 Main and Specific Objectives.......................................................................... 2
2.4 Significance of the research........................................................................... 3
2.5 Scope and Limitation......................................................................................... 3
3 Theoretical Framework......................................................................................... 3
3.1 Concept map......................................................................................................... 3
3.2 Review of Related Literature............................................................................ 3
3.3 Review of Related Systems................................................................................. 4
3.4 Conceptual Framework......................................................................................... 5
3.5 Definition of terms........................................................................................... 5
4 Operational Framework........................................................................................ 6
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4.1 Materials................................................................................................................6
4.1.1 Software Requirements/ Constraints................................................................6
4.1.2 Hardware Requirements/ Constraints................................................................6
4.1.3 Data...................................................................................................................6
5 Description of Methods or Approach................................................................7
5.1 Requirements Definition.....................................................................................8
5.2 Design Phases of the System.............................................................................8
5.3 Description of prototype, where applicable.......................................................8
5.4 Development Phases of the System.................................................................8
5.5 Testing Procedure and Evaluation Procedure....................................................8
5.6 Implementation Plan of the System...............................................................9
5.7 Capstone Project Workplan............................................................................9
Quality Requirements and Evaluation- Common ISO standard is the ISO/IEC
25010, prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and systems engineering. This first
edition of ISO/IEC 25010 cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001, which has
been technically revised. ISO/IEC 25010 is a part of the SQuaRE series of
International Standards.[ https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-
iec:25010:ed-1:v1:en] Choose appropriate ISO criteria that will fit the system you
are developing.................................................................8
5.6 Implementation Plan of the System............................................................9
5.7 Capstone Project Workplan........................................................................9
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6 Ethics Consideration.................................................................9
7 References.................................................................9
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TABLE OF FIGURES
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LIST OF TABLES
Table I-1. h.........................................................2
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Capstone Project Title:
Name of Researchers : ALKUINO, RENE EARNEST D.
: CASTILLO, HENRY VINCENT T.
: SUBELDIA, KRISTINE JEWELL A.
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Specialization : Web and Mobile Application Development
Name of Research Adviser : Engr. Roselyn A. Maño
1 Abstract
The Philippine livestock industry significantly contributes to the country's economy. However, traditional livestock auction markets often lack transparency due to private bidding practices, limiting market reach and potentially disadvantaging bidders and sellers. This study aimed to develop "OKsyon," a user-friendly web and mobile-based application for the Lucena City livestock auction market. This application aims to enhance transparency through real-time bidding and livestock profiles, promote wider market reach, and improve operational efficiency. The system features automated data entry, bidding, and payments, alongside transparent bidding histories, potentially leading to economic growth and improved livelihoods for stakeholders. The system was developed using the Agile-Kanban methodology that includes various phases: analysis, design, development, testing, and deployment. This research contributes to SDGs 8 and 9 by focusing on inclusivity, efficiency, and sustainability within the livestock auction sector.
Index Terms: Livestock auction, online auction system, management system, transparency, mobile application, web application, and Agile-Kanban
2 Introduction
2.1 Project Context
The Philippine livestock industry is crucial to the country's agricultural sector.
Contributing around 18.23 percent of the gross output value in agriculture and providing livelihoods to many people living in rural areas signifies its importance to the country's
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economy [1]. Livestock auction markets in the Philippines are established to facilitate the
trading of animals, further contributing to the country's agricultural sector. A livestock
“oksyon” Market (LOM) is a trading center where livestock are assembled for sale
usually through private bidding (“bulungan” system). This lack of transparency means
other potential bidders cannot hear the conversation, leading to potential losses for sellers
if bids are not openly displayed or announced. With bids happening through "bulungan"
(whispering), other potential buyers are unaware of the offers. This restricts competition
and can lead to inefficiencies in the market. Additionally, buyers aware of the "bulungan"
system might exploit this lack of transparency to pressure sellers into accepting lower
bids. These problems create an uneven playing field that can disadvantage livestock
farmers in the Philippines. Limited information about auction rules, bidding processes,
and transaction details creates confusion and mistrust among buyers and sellers,
particularly among new participants. To address this problem, there is a need to design
and develop an online auction system to completely change the way the Lucena auction
market works for the better and give both livestock farmers and buyers more control.
More efficient livestock production systems are necessary, considering that only 41% of
global meat demand will be met by 2050 [2]. An online auction system can address the
limitations of the "bulungan" system by making the market more open, competitive, and
efficient. The project, "OKsyon," an online livestock auction system, can be an effective
tool to help the Lucena City auction market manage their process effectively. This
capstone project aims to design a user-friendly livestock auction web and mobile
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application. This application would assist in expanding market reach by enabling
participation from anywhere with internet access. It aims to enhance transparency by
providing real-time updates and notifications to bidders and traders through the
application and ensuring reliable information from bidders via the app. It also aims to
improve the administrator side by enabling the management of data with a reliable
database. Contributing to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 8
(Decent Work and Economic Growth), by focusing on efficiency, inclusivity, and
sustainability, we envision improved efficiency and accessibility leading to economic
growth and job creation, particularly in rural areas. The digital revolution in agriculture
has led to the creation of various information and communication technologies (ICTs)
that can be used throughout the agricultural supply chain. These technologies can
improve the resilience and sustainability of the entire agricultural system [3].
2.2 Purpose and Description
The purpose of this study is to develop a user-friendly web and mobile-based
application for the Lucena City livestock auction to help expand market reach through
automated data entry, bidding, and payments alongside transparent livestock profiles and
bidding histories, promoting economic growth and improved livelihoods for all. By
embracing digitalization.
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2.3 Main and Specific Objectives
The objective of this study is to design and develop a web and mobile-based management system to promote market transparency that provides real-time access to information like the availability of livestock and its prices.
Specific Objectives
1. To gather information about the current/existing auction process and apply the gathered data to a system specific to the needs of the Livestock Auction Market in Lucena City, Quezon;
2. To identify functional and non-functional requirements of the system through interview with intended user;
3. To create system architecture diagrams and database structure with LucidChart and diagrams.net and develop a prototype for the application with Figma;
4. To implement the system utilizing Agile Kanban methodology and suitable development tools;
5. To test the system’s end-to-end specifications using the black-box testing method;
6. To evaluate the system using ISO25010 to ensure its requirements are met.
2.4 Significance of the research
The study aims to enhance the operational efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of Lucena City Livestock Auction Market by developing a web and mobile-
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based application management system. The findings of the study will be beneficial to the
following:
For businesses and stakeholders. The application can streamline auction management
tasks, reducing administrative burdens. The application may improve access to a wider
buyer base and potentially increase auction revenue. Real-time price information allows
for informed decision-making when negotiating with bidders and sellers.
Department of Agriculture. The adoption of web-based and mobile management
applications in the government sector and the Department of Agriculture can benefit from
the study by improving their processes by digitizing agricultural aspects, leading to
increased efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in an auction livestock activity.
Lucena city auction market itself, bid histories, and real-time updates resulting in trust
among buyers and sellers, provide valuable insights into pricing. Feedback and rating
systems to maintain quality
2.5 Scope and Limitation
The system will establish a database with needed information on each livestock. Users
can engage in listing, submit bids, and manage livestock transactions, regardless of their
geographical location. The system addresses limited market access by providing real-time
notifications and alerts and informing users about upcoming auctions, bidding activities,
and transaction status updates. Traders can upload information, including health records,
breed, and age, fostering transparency and legal documents through scanning the
documents by the scan feature of the application and enabling informed decision-making
for buyers. Transparent bidding processes, with automated bidding prices based on the
Lucena city auction market itself, bid histories, and real-time updates resulting in trust
among buyers and sellers, provide valuable insights into pricing. Feedback and rating
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systems allow participants to evaluate each other based on their transaction experiences,
promoting accountability and integrity within the marketplace. This application also
helps administrators with features such as giving market organizers access to
administrative controls to manage auction listings, monitor user activities, and resolve
disputes effectively. The administrator is also responsible if they accept the posting of
each seller; it has its feature on the admin side of the application, and they are involved
with accepting if the scanned document is valid and recorded on their database, they are
also responsible for giving the certificate of transportation upon exiting the facility. The
system's limitations buyers or sellers may face difficulties accessing the online auction
system due to limited internet connectivity and technological barriers. The bidder and
seller can only transact through mobile devices, while the administrator will manage the
system through the web. The system does not cover the transportation process of the
livestock.
3 Theoretical Framework
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3.1 Concept map
Livestock
Bidders
Market
On-site Animal Care
Pre-auction Inspection
Agri-Business
Animal Health & Welfare
Livestock Auction
Technology
Auction Process
Registration
Bidding
Record keeping
Web & Mobile Application
Government
Licensing
Legal Requirements
Auctioneer
Final Sale
Bidding
Fig.1 Concept Map of the Study
This concept map shows the visual representation of how a Livestock Auction
Market serves as the central hub for buyers and sellers for trading Livestock. This market
plays a crucial role in doing transactions for bidders and traders. Market Prices are being
determined here and it helps livestock trading to be more efficient. By being guided by an
auctioneer, bidders can compete through bidding to acquire the livestock of their choice.
The government helps legalize things like requirements such as the licensing and
registration of Livestock. Animal Health and welfare are used to ensure that the
livestock's condition is maintained and well recorded inside the auction market.
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3.2 Review of Related Literature
3.2.1 Livestock Auction Market: A Crucial Part of Agribusiness
The Philippines is abundant in natural resources, including a broad variety of locally produced goods and raw materials [4]. The Philippines' livestock market relies heavily on agribusiness, which encompasses everything from supplying farmers with seeds and fertilizer to getting their products to consumers. This includes financing, processing, storage, transport, marketing, and sales [5]. Agriculture focuses on raising crops and livestock while marketing refers to a series of activities involved in moving the goods from the point of production to the point of consumption [6]. Agribusiness connects them to consumers through the entire supply chain. Livestock is a key driver of economic development in developing countries, especially in Asia with its large population and growing economies. It contributes to food security, income generation, and employment opportunities in rural areas. Driven by economic growth in many Asian countries, annual rates are greater than 5-6% and a market potential of 2.8 billion people, the livestock and poultry industry is growing faster than ever [7]. The Philippine livestock industry is vital to the country's agricultural sector. It contributes around 18.23 percent of the gross output value in agriculture and provides livelihoods to many people living in rural areas, signifying its importance with regard to the country's economy [8]. However, In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, many restrictive actions have been taken to control the outbreak, mainly movement restrictions, which drastically affect the continuity of agricultural activities and related agri-food businesses. Lockdowns and curfews prevent
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farmers from applying regular and precision farming systems/management, accessing
production inputs, marketing agricultural/livestock products, and communicating with
professionals to obtain appropriate extensions and advice, including shortage of
labor/staff [9]. Despite the benefits of traditional physical auction markets to the
Philippine livestock industry, limitations like movement restrictions and information
asymmetry during the COVID-19 pandemic mean online auction platforms can be an
alternative system to ensure market efficiency and improve its access to the market.
3.2.2 Traditional Physical Auction Markets Vs. Online Auction Platforms
The limitations of traditional auction markets, particularly during situations like the
COVID-19 pandemic, highlight the potential of online platforms for the livestock
industry. A traditional market is a place where sellers and buyers can directly transact,
providing daily needs at affordable prices. In traditional physical markets, limited access
to market information can significantly hinder participation for both buyers and sellers.
This information asymmetry arises when some participants lack crucial details about
prices, supply, and demand. In many instances, this type of disequilibrium occurs
temporally and is corrected by market actors that have better information [10].
An online platform is a digital service connecting two or more interrelated sets of
customers on different sides of the market it addresses the need for defining the
operational aspects within the online auction house and provides a structured approach
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for bidders to participate in auctions through an android application [11]. Mobile phones
and the internet have significantly affected practically all sectors of the economy and
agriculture is no exception [12]. The livestock system comprises of different groups of
actors who take on different responsibilities. Digital platform designers and providers are
also becoming part of the livestock system through appropriation of digital platforms into
the livestock systems [13].
3.2.3 Auction Process
A study by J. A. da S. Filho and F. R. N. Santos investigating the livestock fairs in
Alagoas, Brazil, identified information asymmetry as a key issue in the current bargaining system. The research found evidence of an unequal division of the conflict set
favoring buyers (47% seller, 53% buyer) during negotiations [14]. While the study
doesn't provide a specific metric for information asymmetry, it highlights the potential
benefits of implementing auction processes to address this imbalance and promote a more
efficient market. There are different auction processes within the livestock markets
because of different systems used in a facility. An auction platform is developed to
implement a proposed protocol [15]. As an essential market process, auctions have been
well studied and applied in many business fields due to their efficiency and contributions
to fair trade [16]. Auction algorithms could be implemented in a peer-to-peer system
based on hybrid technologies for smallholder farmers. The first step in implementing an
auction algorithm is to define the rules and parameters of the auction. This might include
10
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the types of products being auctioned, the criteria for matching buyers and sellers, and the bidding and pricing rules [17]. The bidder behavior, such as adjusting for the winner's curse, is observed in different auction types, with bidders submitting bids with higher yield spreads in response to higher volatility and more competitors [18]. It can be applied to strategies for buyers and sellers in livestock auctions.
3.2.4 Adoption of Technology within the Government and the Agriculture Sector
Innovation in Technology is important for the government and the agriculture sector to adopt modern technology advances and innovation, because it is a multidimensional concept that involves organizational and procedural aspects of a company and is aimed at improving performance in terms of production efficiency and/or reducing production costs. Openness to innovation measures a company's propensity for change through an approach aimed at obtaining a competitive advantage derived from the exploitation of new ideas and new technologies [19]. Innovation in technology plays a critical role in the agricultural sector, where advancements can significantly improve efficiency and productivity. It helps many sectors to be more efficient and productive, in line with the SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Development recommendations on integration processes in the agricultural sector are needed in order to improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector [20]. Local livestock businesses are not able to compete with the low prices of the imported livestock products due to several factors: low productivity due to use of
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outdated methods and technology, lack of support from the government sector in relation
to development, as well as limited budget support or government subsidy in the livestock
sector [21]. The limited adoption of technology due to these challenges leads to lower
productivity among local businesses. This can affect the number of local market sellers,
and the availability and affordability of locally produced livestock products.
3.2.5 Government Regulations and Oversight
Today, animal farming is unquestionably a profitable endeavor, both as a large-scale and
small-scale business but equally depends upon the health of livestock. Regular and
appropriate monitoring of the health of farm animals calls for a lot of manual labor and
effort [22]. There is increasing interest in enabling positive experiences, not just
minimizing negative experiences, to improve the welfare of farmed animals. This has
influenced the growth of private agri-food standards and supported arguments to integrate
animal welfare into policy on sustainability and climate change [23]. Multiple themes
emerged from the qualitative data acquired, which serve to illustrate how livestock
auction marts encourage and facilitate help-seeking among farmers, particularly men
[24].This suggests that, while health may play a central role in their judgments of
welfare, what farmers want is for animals to be both healthy and able to express their
natural behaviors [25]. A qualitative approach examined the perspective of stakeholders
at livestock auction marts to identify the determinants for, or barriers to, seeking help,
perceptions regarding basing primary care services on-site at livestock auction marts, and
the role of a site-based approach, i.e. placing primary healthcare services within a
12
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traditional farmers’ meeting place, in facilitating changes in help-seeking beliefs and
behaviors [26].
3.2.6 Livestock Policy
The production and consumption of livestock products are under examination on
environmental, human health and animal welfare grounds. However, a wealth of evidence
suggests that the livestock sector has complex interactions with the UN Sustainable
Development Goals, with both the problem and solution spaces for livestock
interventions varying depending on the context [27]. The constantly increasing demand
for animal protein associated with the increase of the world’s population led to the
intensification of livestock production, realized through the various initiatives
implemented by the government, such as the import of high producing purebreds of
various species. This strategy greatly influenced the country’s animal genetic resource's
diversity and increased food animals' population; however, it impacted the native breeds
of food animals [28]. The emissions intensity of livestock products is typically greater
than other foods due to low land use efficiency, production of enteric CH4 (if ruminant
based, noting that CH4 contributes 28 times the global warming of CO2) and emissions
associated with land conversion for grazing and/or production of animal feed [29].
Emissions from ruminants are higher than those from monogastric because ruminants
generally consume lower quality feeds and have lower feed conversion efficiencies (e.g.
the quantity of feed required to produce one kilogram of beef or lamb/mutton is around
25 kg or 15 kg, respectively, whereas that for pork and poultry is 6.4 kg and 3.3 kg,
based, noting that CH4 contributes 28 times the global warming of CO2) and emissions
associated with land conversion for grazing and/or production of animal feed [29].
13
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respectively [30]. The Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Two
innovative governance approaches are developed and compared: a cap-and-trade scheme
for animal products and a livestock-to-land ratio. Both instruments are measured against
the above-mentioned environmental objectives, taking into account findings from
behavioural sciences and typical governance problems. Both approaches are generally
suitable as quantity governance in animal husbandry if they are properly designed. In the
end, a combination of both approaches proved to be particularly effective ecologically.
All of this simultaneously demonstrates, on the basis of a rarely considered but
ecologically highly relevant sector, how a quantity governance approach that is based on
an easily comprehensible governance unit can function across all sectors and regions
where quality becomes a critical factor of business excellence. Discovering its value as a
success factor, many studies were conducted to determine the level of influence of QMS
practices on business performance [32]. Error-prone paper-based systems can be replaced
3.2.7 Management System in the Government and Agriculture Sector
The adoption of technological solutions for the development of new processes and
products, habits, and good practices increases the innovation capacity of companies,
enabling them to meet the needs of a continually changing market [32]. Digital
transformation (DT) facilitates the dissemination of information and good practices using
Big Data (BD). Quality Management System [QMS] is an emerging management
philosophy that takes its course amid today’s competitive and dynamic global markets
where quality becomes a critical factor of business excellence. Discovering its value as a
success factor, many studies were conducted to determine the level of influence of QMS
practices on business performance [33]. Error-prone paper-based systems can be replaced
14
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with a management system facilitating data accuracy and searchability. Limited access to information for buyers and sellers can hinder fair competition. Implementing a management system can improve efficiency, transparency, and animal welfare practices within livestock auction markets. By incorporating technology to address existing challenges, these markets can adapt to the evolving needs of the government and the agricultural sector.
3.3 Review of Related Systems
3.3.1 Livestock Auctions
Fig. 2 Livestock Auctions
Figure 2 shows a mobile application developed to assist Livestock farmers in the industry with livestock requirements. The online livestock app allows users to view livestock available in the market and view live webcast auction details on the app.
15
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3.3.2 Breedr
Fig. 3 Breedr
The figure above shows Breedr a livestock management app designed to streamline
operations and drive efficiency in the beef industry. It offers hands-free data capture,
multi-user input, and digitized breeding records. Users can quickly build networks of
suppliers and buyers, manage medications, and organize their herds. The app facilitates
data-backed decision-making and promotes sustainable practices. Breedr emphasizes user
empowerment and support to create a future where ranchers thrive
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3.3.3 My Cattle Manager - Farm App
Fig. 4 My Cattle Manager - Farm App
The figure above shows My Cattle Manag Farm an app will empower a dairy and beef cattle farming operations with our revolutionary cattle management app, designed to streamline processes, optimize productivity, and maximize profitability. Whether you are a seasoned rancher or a budding entrepreneur, this comprehensive tool provides everything you need to manage your cattle herd effectively and efficiently.
Table 1. Review of Related Systems of [OKsyon: Livestock Auction]
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Auctions Mobile Application
Manager - Farm App
User’s Account ✓
Submit Bids ✓
Real-time Notifications
Transaction Status Updates
Real-time Result Update
Feedback and Rating
Automated Calculation
Auction Summary
Livestock Listing
Purchase Confirmation
Reporting and Analytics
Direct Messages
Bid History
Offline access
Live Broadcast
Seller Details
Push Notification
Livestock Management
Table 1 shows the comparison between OKsyon and other similar existing applications
for the livestock auction market. All these applications aim to assist livestock farmers in
the industry with livestock requirements. Ensure fairness between bidders and sellers and
18
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help farmers to have more income; they both seek to help farmers with their market and reach a larger audience; as we can see on the table, OKsyon stands out because of its added features like auto-calculated features. Based on Lucena City's auction market processes, this feature can ensure fairness between bidders and sellers. OKsyon also has real-time notification when there is bidding happens with a push notification feature; it also has direct messages and by having feedback and ratings on bidders and sellers; however, there are still some functionalities that can't be covered by the application, like live online broadcast, offline access, and livestock management.
3.4 Conceptual Framework
Fig. 5 Conceptual Framework
Figure 5 shows the conceptual framework of the study. First, data collection involves gathering important information about user needs and learning the programming language to build the application. Next, the researchers start familiarizing the software they will use. This helps them figure out the features that will make the application useful. UML and digital diagrams to make the application process and prototyping allows
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for the visualization of the initial plan for the application. OKsyon is a web-based and
mobile application management application that focuses on efficiency and sustainability,
contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8 and 9. By its design, the system
is expected to improve accessibility, economic growth, and job creation, particularly in
rural areas. Testing the system will involve black box testing and ISO25010 standards.
The successful development of this system is expected to benefit businesses and
stakeholders, contribute to the relevance of digitalization for the government sector and
the Department of Agriculture, and offer valuable insights for future researchers.
3.5 Definition of terms
Web and Mobile Application – is an application that can be used using web browser or
mobile devices.
Livestock Auction System – is a digital platform for managing the buying and selling of
livestock through online auctioning.
Livestock Auction Market – is a place or venue where people who buy different livestock
gather for auctioning prices of livestock.
Inventory Management System helps manage a business' inventory and efficiently collect
data.
Bidders – are people who join or participate in auctions by bidding on things that they are
interested in.
Traders – are people involved in buying or selling something in exchange for a particular
amount or quantity of a certain item being traded.
Agribusiness is a mixture of agriculture and business and refers to farming activities.
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3.6 Acronyms
BD - Big Data
CPU - Central Processing Unit
DA - Department of Agriculture
DT - Digital Transformation
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
JS - JavaScript
LOM - Livestock [unreadable] Market
OS - Operating System
RAM - Random Access Memory
ROM - Read-only Memory
SDG - Sustainable Development Goals
SDLC - System Development Life Cycle
SQL - Structured query language
UML - Unified Modeling Language
4 Operational Framework
4 Materials
4.1.1 Software Requirements/Constraints
Table 2. Software requirements of [OKyson: Livestock Auction]
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Category Software Specification Purpose
Design Figma 116.4.2 Prototyping Designing and developing the system for the website and mobile application.
Database MongoDB 7.0.9 NoSQL is used as an alternative to traditional databases. Used to manage document-oriented information, store or retrieve information.
Front end React.JS React 18.3.1 It is used to build interactive elements on website User Interfaces (UI) based on UI components.
Back-end JavaScript ECMAScript 2023 (ES2023) Implementing a dynamic and interactive features within the management system. This served as a programming language to be used in the back-end side of the system.
Framework Express.js 4.19.3 Used to build a single page, multipage, and hybrid web application.
Cross-platform React Native 0.70.15 Developing cross-platform mobile applications.
22
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Mobile App React Native 0.70.15 Developing native mobile application for both iOS and Android platform
Analytics/Reporting Google Analytics Google Analytics 4 (GA4) Analyzing and reporting on user interactions within the application
Web hosting Google Chrome Browser 124.0.6367.78 This is used as a primary browser for testing the web application.
Table 2 shows the software applications used to develop and deploy the OKsyon:
Livestock Auction. The table highlights the types of software and their corresponding uses in system development.
4.1.2 Hardware Requirements/ Constraints
Table 3. Hardware requirements of [OKsyon: Livestock Auction]
Devices Specification Purpose
Laptop 1 Processor: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 Memory: 8GB OS: Windows 11 Used for designing and developing the system It will be used for testing the application
Laptop 2 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) m5-6Y54 CPU (@ Memory: 8GB OS: Windows 11 Used for designing and developing the system
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1.10GHz 1.51 GHz
Memory: 8GB
OS: Windows 10
It will be used for testing the application
Desktop 1
Processor: AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2200GE W/ Radeon Vega Graphics 3.2 GHz
Memory: 16GB
OS: Windows 10
Used for designing and developing the system
It will be used for testing the application.
Mobile 1
OS: iOS 15.7.3
CPU: Dual-core 1.84 GHz Twister
ROM: 32 GB
It will be used for testing the mobile application
Mobile 2
OS: Android Version 13
CPU: Helio G88
RAM: 16GB
ROM: 256GB
Internet/Data Connection: 4G LTE
It will be used for testing the mobile application
Mobile 3
OS: Android Version 13
Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 680 Octa-core
RAM: 16GB
ROM: 256 GB
Internet/Data Connection: 4G LTE
It will be used for testing the mobile application
Table 3 shows the minimum hardware requirements necessary for running web
and mobile applications for this system. Meeting these specifications will help ensure
smooth operation and avoid performance issues.
4.1.3 Data
This study involved conducting semi-structured interviews with the employees at the Lucena livestock auction market to understand the livestock auction process at their facility. Prior to the interviews, participants received informed consent forms outlining
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the study's objectives, data collection procedures, potential advantages, and benefits. We
took precautions to ensure the security and privacy of participant data. The data obtained
through interviews formed the basis for further analysis in this project.
5 Description of Methods or Approach
INPUT QUEUE
WIP
DONE
Analysis
Design
Develop
Testing
Deploy
Fig. 1 Software System development methodology
The Agile-Kanban methodology applied to our system begins with the input queue, representing the initiation phase. Work items in this queue are classified into three categories: maintenance tasks, defects, and change requests, with each type marked by a specific color yellow for maintenance, orange for defects, and green for change requests.
Items from this queue move into the Work in Progress (WIP) section, which encompasses various stages that correspond to the software development life cycle. These stages include analysis, where requirements are examined in detail, design, where system architecture is defined; and development, where coding takes place using tools like Visual Studio Code for integrated development, MongoDB for databases, Android Studio
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for emulation, Google Chrome for web testing, Express.js for the web framework, and
React Native for mobile development and cross-platform. Following development is the
testing phase, which involves thorough evaluations, and then deployment, indicating the
system's release. Once a task completes all required stages, it transitions from WIP to the
Done section, signaling that it's ready for deployment or further iterations. Agile
practitioners increasingly favor the Kanban methodology due to its facilitation of
communication and transparency, making it a popular choice in software development.
5.1 Requirements Definition
Table 3 List of OKsyon Functional Requirements
Functional Requirement Non-Functional Requirement
User can login There will be a 2FA during login
Input password The system must enforce password security policies
User can create livestock listings Listings should include detailed information, such as health records, breed, and age.
Users can place bids on livestock listings Bids updated in real-time, and bid history is accessible for each listing
User can receive notifications Real-time notifications and alerts should be sent to users for auction activities, such as new bids and auction start times.
User can provide feedback and ratings Ratings and reviews should be visible to all users, promoting accountability.
Administrators can manage auctions Administrators can control the manage auction listings, including start/end times
26
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Administrators can resolve conflicts
and reserve prices.
Mechanisms should be in place to allow
administrators to resolve disputes
efficiently.
Table 3 shows the functional requirements and the non-functional requirements of
the system gathered in the interview.
5.2 Design Phases of the System
Fig. 7 System Architecture of OKsyon: Livestock Auction
The System Architecture depicts interaction between admin, bidder, and seller by
connecting through the internet. Then once connected through the internet users can use
the application and put data or information that will go directly to the database. This
System Architecture concludes how things work in an online livestock auction system.
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Oksyon: Livestock Auction Use case Diagram
Transfer Document
Delete Account
Reset Password
Block Account
Block Auction
Delete Auction
Update Auction
Buy Livestock
Sell Livestock
Add Livestock Information
Remove Auction
Add Legal Document
Create Auction
Search Livestock
Bid Livestock
View Document
Manage Accounts
Manage Listings
Login
Browse Listings
Edit Account
Chat other Users
Register
Send Comment
Fig. 8 Use case Diagram of OKsyon: Livestock Auction
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This figure shows the different functionalities of OKsyon: Livestock Auction. The
diagram shows a system with two primary actors: the admin and the bidder/seller. The
admin can Login, Browse Listings, Manage Accounts, and Manage Listings. The admin
has the option to manage the users, manage the auctions, and resolve disputes between
bidder and seller. On the other hand, the user can Register, Edit an Account, Bid an Item,
Buy an Item, Create an Auction, Search an Item, and Browse a Product. The users have
many options, such as creating an auction, searching for livestock, and chatting with
other users. The interactions between these actors and the system are shown in the
diagram with labeled lines that connect the actors to the system and help them indicate
the actions that they can perform.
Fig. 9 Activity Diagram of OKsyon: Livestock Auction
The figure above shows the actions flow between the bidders and sellers when using the
online livestock system. When using the online livestock auction, the first thing that the
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user can encounter is the login or signup account, and once done with that, the user has
the option to be a bidder or seller. Then, their actions will be different based on what the
user chooses. The seller can add the livestock form, edit the livestock form, delete the
livestock form, and transfer livestock ownership. The bidder can select livestock and bid
in the auction system. This activity diagram shows the step-by-step proces for bidders
and sellers that use the online livestock auction. Then, by doing some actions, they can
complete the transaction.
Fig. 10 Admin Site Map of OKsyon: Livestock Auction
The admin site map displayed above shows a structured overview of the things the admin
can manage and handle by navigating different options and managing the online livestock
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auction system. Managing the users allows the admin to view, add, or edit from
accounts. Managing the Auction allows the admin to view auctions and search for
available auctions. The dashboard allows the admin to view all the user information and
activities. The admin site map outlines the sections and functions only available for the
admin side.
Fig. 11 Bidder/Seller Site Map of OKSy on: Livestock Auction
As you can see in the diagram above, we have this user site map to provide an entire
overview of the user interface of bidders and sellers in the online auction livestock
system. It helps the user to have easier navigation experience and access to different
31
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options in the online auction livestock system. The options that the user can choose from
are Settings, Profile, Auction, Message, Posting, Notification, and Documents. These
options in different sections provide the best user experience for bidder and seller to
easily use the online auction livestock system.
Fig. 12 ER Diagram of OKsyon: Livestock Auction
id
username
contact_no
place bid
bid_livestock
bid_id
bid_liv_id
bid_price
livestock
liv_id
liv_title
liv_seller
liv_details
liv_price
liv_status
admin
id
Attribute
status
bidder_id
seller
id
username
contact_no
livestock
liv_id
liv_title
liv_seller
liv_details
liv_price
liv_status
manage livestock
livestock
bidder
admin
seller
Fig. 12 ER Diagram of OKsyon: Livestock Auction
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Figure 12 illustrates the entities that connect to their attributes and the relationship
between each other. The bidder and seller have an ID, username, email, and contact
number to have their characteristics for doing transactions. Admin has ID, user_id, status,
and phone for managing the system and transactions. Lastly, the livestock has the
attributes liv_id, liv_title, liv_seller, and liv_details to know the authenticity of the
livestock. This diagram gives us a structured version of the system and the components of
their relationships.
5.3 Description of prototype, where applicable
The prototypes used the colors green, yellow, and white to achieve a user-friendly and
professional feel design. Green and yellow connect the brand of agriculture, while white
and the clean Poppins font is for professionalism. Icons use green for active elements and
greyscale for inactive ones, providing clear visuals for users. A gradient effect is used to
add a modern touch. This combination creates an approachable interface that is both
visually appealing and professionally executed, Figma was the one used to build this
prototype.
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Fig. 13 Wired UI Diagram for OKsyon: Livestock Auction Mobile Application
Figure 13 shows the initial user interface prototype for the auction section. This prototype focuses on user interaction, specifically showcasing the transaction flow between bidders, sellers, and the administrator.
34
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Fig.14 Wired UI Diagram for OKsyon: Livestock Auction Web Application
Figure 14 illustrates the web application's wired user interface from the admin's side. It includes an Auction section where admins can set prices based on market price for the current week. Additionally, the prototype put the functionalities for transaction management, document verification by the administrator, and the generation of weekly reports.
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Figure 15 OKsyon: Livestock Auction Logo
Figure 15 shows the application's logo. The colors green and yellow are used to represent agriculture, a right choice for a livestock auction business. The logo's base resembles a land plot, symbolizing the foundation of the business in agriculture and animal breeding, and emphasizing livestock auctions is the silhouette of a cow incorporated within the land plot. Finally, the inclusion of a gavel within the land plot icon neatly ties everything together by signifying the auction aspect.
5.4 Development Phases of the System
For system development, the Agile Kanban methodology was used. Real-time communication between the researchers and complete transparency of the process were made possible by this approach. In developing the system, there are multi-step processes to ensure that it runs efficiently. Each phase of the system development lifecycle provides a comprehensive overview of the process by which each function or part connects to each
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other. In the system design phase, Figma is used for designing, prototyping, and
developing the system for web and mobile applications. ReactJS, JavaScript, and
Express.js are used for user interface and user experience. MongoDB is used for database
integration and React Native is used for developing cross-platform mobile applications.
Lastly, Google Analytics will be used for analyzing and reporting on user interaction
within the application, and for web hosting, Google Chrome Browser is being used for
testing the web application.
5.5 Testing Procedure and Evaluation Procedure
Quality Requirements and Evaluation- Common ISO standard is the ISO/IEC 25010, prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and systems engineering. This first edition of ISO/IEC 25010 cancels and replaces ISO/IEC 9126-1:2001, which has been technically revised. ISO/IEC 25010 is a part of the SQuaRE series of International Standards.[
https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:25010:ed-1:v1:en] Choose appropriate ISO
criteria that will fit the system you are developing.
The evaluation and testing of the proposed system will stick to various ISO criteria. The
researcher will follow a structured approach. First, functional suitability will be assessed
to ensure the system delivers the required functionalities as defined in the initial stages.
Next, usability testing will evaluate whether users can perform the intended functions.
then evaluation, using ISO criteria related to functionality, will focus on the user
interface, specifically its user-friendliness and controllability. Lastly, learnability testing
will determine if users can easily familiarize themselves with and adapt to the system's
functions.
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Fig. 16 Deployment Diagram of OKsyon: Livestock Auction
Figure 16 shows the development diagram of the system. It shows the relationship
between the client, application, and database server. A client can access it by using a
browser that works on the Windows operating system. Using the MERN stack for the
web application and React Native for the mobile application. In the database part,
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MongoDB is being used to store data. This approach offers consistency and cross-
platform compatibility.
5.7 Capstone Project Workplan
Fill in the table for the project workplan or desired delivery date or proposed project
schedule. The activities should be aligned with the methodology.
Table 4. Capstone Project Workplan
Project Activities Output/ Deliverables Target Date of Accomplishment
Groupings and Initial
Concept OKsyon Jan 26, 2024
Concept Map, Literature & Synthesis
Matrix, and Outline Theoretical Framework Feb 23, 2024
DRAFT Introduction to
Theoretical Framework
Submission of Progress Report 1 Section III of the Manuscript March 15, 2024
Operational Framework (Software, hardware,
and data) Section IV of the Manuscript March 20, 2024
Data Gathering Interviews March 24, 2024
Design Phases UML Diagrams March 20, 2024
Introduction to Operational Framework Progress Report 2 Section IV of the Manuscript April 12, 2024
Submission of Proposal Manuscript and Presentation Proposal Manuscript Presentation May 7, 2024
Submission of Revised Manuscripts Revised Manuscripts May 15, 2024
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Portfolio, Revised Manuscript for Ethics Review; Completion of deliverables in OneDrive
Development Application June –October 2024
Testing Test Cases November 2024
Evaluation User Acceptance December 2024
Table 4 The Capstone Project Workplan serves as a guide executing the project and
ensuring that the tasks are completed within the targeted date. It also breaks down the
project into different parts so it can be manageable and easier to monitor its progress.
6 Ethics Consideration
This study prioritized ethical considerations. We followed the appointed schedule and
used consent forms for interviews, signed by the adviser, dean, and researchers. All data
collection and handling followed the basic principles of Republic Act No. 10173, or the
Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA), Data collected from the Lucena City auction market
remained confidential. Only the research team has access to the collected data. This
ensures the data's security and guarantees that it will only be used for academic research
purposes.
7 References
[1] A. D. S. Ortega, M. A. Mujtaba, S. Xayalath, W. Gutierrez, A. C. Soriano, and C.
Szabó, “Perspectives of the livestock sector in the Philippines: A review,” Acta
Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1, pp. 175–188, Jun. 2021, doi:
https://doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/9101
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[2] Idan Kopler et al., “Farmers’ Perspectives of the Benefits and Risks in Precision
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[9] A. D. S. Ortega, M. A. Mujitaba, S. Xayalath, W. Gutierrez, A. C. Soriano, and C. Szabo, “Perspectives of the livestock sector in the Philippines: A review,” Acta
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Conferences, vol. 27, p. 00116, 2020, doi:
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2021.102102.
[16] Z. Shi, C. de Laat, P. Grosso, and Z. Zhao, “Integration of Blockchain and Auction Models: A Survey, Some Applications, and Challenges,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 497–537, 2023, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3222403.
[17] M. Srikanth, R.N.V. Jagan Mohan, and M. Chandra Naik, “Auction Algorithm: Peer-To-Peer System Based on Hybrid Technologies for Smallholder Farmers to Control Demand and Supply,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 9–23, Jan. 2023, doi:
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[18] E. A. G. M. iii and D. Marszalec, “Auction Performance, Strategic Supply Management, and Bidder Behavior in Treasury Bill Auctions: Evidence from the Philippines,” CIRJE F-Series, Jan. 2020, Available: https://ideas.repec.org/p/tky/fseres/2020cf1138.html
[19] A. Di Vaio, R. Palladino, A. Pezzi, and D. E. Kalisz, “The role of digital innovation in knowledge management systems: A systematic literature review,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 220–231, Feb. 2021, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.042.
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[20] F. Mukhametgaliev, L. Sitdikova, F. Mukhametgalieva, and A. Battalova, “Development of integration processes in the agricultural sector,” BIO Web of Conferences, vol. 27, p. 00116, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700116.
[21] M. Legaspi, “Project Investocks: Online Investment System For Poultry And Swine Raisers With Decision Support System,” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Jan. 2020, Accessed: Mar. 09, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.academia.edu/73226212/Project_Investocks_Online_Investment_Syst em_For_Poultry_And_Swine_Raisers_With_Decision_Support_System
[22] A. Jain and P. Jain, “Advances in Sustainable Agri Business Paradigm: Developing an Innovative Business and Marketing Model to abridge human labour predicting Neural Behaviour,” The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 1193–1208, Dec. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-022-00412-7.
[23] B. Vigors, D. A. Ewing, and A. B. Lawrence, “The Importance of Farm Animal Health and Natural Behaviors to Livestock Farmers: Findings From a Factorial Survey Using Vignettes,” Frontiers in Animal Science, vol. 2, Mar. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2021.638782.
[24] C. Nye, M. Winter, and M. Lobley, “The role of the livestock auction mart in promoting help-seeking behavior change among farmers in the UK,” BMC Public Health, vol. 22, no. 1, Aug. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13958-4.
[25] B. Vigors, D. A. Ewing, and A. B. Lawrence, “The Importance of Farm Animal Health and Natural Behaviors to Livestock Farmers: Findings From a Factorial Survey Using Vignettes,” Frontiers in Animal Science, vol. 2, Mar. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2021.638782.
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[27] Z. Mehrabi, M. Gill, M. van Wijk, M. Herrero, and N. Ramankutty, “Livestock policy for sustainable development,” Nature Food, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 160–165, Mar. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0042-9.
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Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1, pp. 175-188, Jun. 2021, doi:
https://doi.org/10.34101/actaagr ar/1/9101.
[29] H. Ritchie, P. Rosado, and M. Roser, “Environmental Impacts of Food Production,” Our World in Data, Dec. 2022, Available:
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[30] M. T. Harrison et al., “Carbon myopia: The urgent need for integrated social,economic and environmental action in the livestock sector,” Global Change Biology, vol. 27, no. 22, pp. 5726–5761, Aug. 2021, doi:
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[31] A. Weishaupt, F. Ekardt, B. Garske, J. Stubenrauch, and J. Widing, “Land Use, Livestock, Quantity Governance, and Economic Instruments—Sustainability Beyond Big Livestock Herds and Fossil Fuels,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 2053, Mar. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052053.
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Appendix A.
Relevant Source Code
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Appendix B.
Evaluation Tool or Test Documents
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Appendix C.
Sample Input/Output/ Reports
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Appendix D.
Screen Layouts
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Appendix E.
Picture showcasing the data gathering, investigation done
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Appendix F.
One-page Curriculum Vitae
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