Room Temperature Monitoring System

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Abstract

Temperature monitoring is a critical component of many enterprises, commercial institutions,

and home uses. Maintaining proper temperatures is critical for product quality, equipment

durability, and overall efficiency. This paper describes the design of a temperature monitoring

system that detects temperature using a TMP36 sensor and an Arduino microcontroller and

displays the temperature range on an LED bulb. The system can detect temperature in real time

on an LED panel and provide temperature notifications when it exceeds a predetermined limit,

as well as glow different colour of LED to notify everyone and get them to act. The report focuses

on the project's execution and the components utilized, as well as the design approach and step

implementation, such as power consumption, operating temperature range, and control

distance. Conclusions made from the findings are explored, along with ideas for future

improvements. The paper aims to offer a full overview of the system's capabilities and prospects

for use in various sectors to measure and manage temperature.

Table of Contents

Contents

I. Title Page 1

II. Abstract 2

III. Table of Contents 3

IV. Introduction 4

V. Materials and Budget 6

VI. Design Implementation 9

VII. Analysis 13

VIII. Conclusions 14

IX. References 15

X. Appendix 16

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Introduction

Temperature sensors are essential for everyday living. These vital pieces of technology detect

how much heat an object or system emits. The measures provided enable us to physically

experience a temperature change. One essential function of temperature sensors is preventive.

Temperature sensors detect when a certain high point is reached, allowing for timely

preventative action. A nice example is seen in fire detectors. Temperature sensing is one of the

most critical qualities or factors in sectors such as petrochemicals, automotive, aerospace and

military, consumer electronics, and so on. These sensors are fitted in machines to measure the

temperature of a medium correctly and effectively within a specific set of parameters. A

reliable temperature detection circuit using an NTC thermistor sensor can be a low-cost option

to create a circuit without sacrificing responsiveness or accuracy. There are various types of

Temperature Sensor present in the industries and they are listed below:

1. (NTC) thermistor:

A thermistor is a thermally sensitive resistor whose resistance changes continuously,

incrementally, in response to temperature differences. An NTC thermistor has stronger resistance at low temperatures. According to the R-T chart, resistance decreases progressively with increasing temperature. Small changes are accurately reflected due to substantial variations in resistance per degree Celsius. An NTC thermistor's output is nonlinear due to its exponential nature; however, depending on the application, it can be linearized. Glass enclosed thermistors have an effective operating range of -50 to 250 °C, whereas ordinary thermistors have a range of 150°C.

2. Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD):

A resistance temperature detector, or RTD, adjusts the resistance of the RTD element in

response to temperature. An RTD is made up of a film or, more accurately, a wire wrapped

around a ceramic or glass core. Platinum produces the most precise RTDs, but nickel and

copper produce lower-cost RTDs; nevertheless, nickel and copper are not as stable or

repeatable as platinum. Platinum RTDs provide a highly precise linear output from -200 to 600

°C, although they are significantly more costly than copper or nickel.

3. Thermocouples:

A thermocouple is made up of two wires of different metals that are electrically linked together

at two locations. The fluctuating voltage formed between these two different metals

corresponds to temperature fluctuations. When used for temperature management and

correction, thermocouples are nonlinear and must be converted using a table, which is usually

done using a lookup table. The accuracy is modest, ranging from 0.5°C to 5°C, although

thermocouples function throughout the widest temperature range, from -200°C to 1750 °C.

4. Semiconductor-based temperature sensors

Typically, integrated circuits (ICs) have a semiconductor-based temperature sensor. These

sensors use two identical diodes with temperature-sensitive voltage and current characteristics

to measure temperature changes. They provide a linear response but have the lowest accuracy

of the fundamental sensor kinds. These temperature sensors also have the slowest response

time throughout the tightest temperature range (-70 °C to 150 °C).

The main objective of this work is to design and implement a temperature monitoring system

using an TMP36 temperature sensor and an Arduino board. In this project we are sensing the

temperature by the temperature sensor and we are also connecting the three LEDs yellow, blue

and red. The Red LED is indicating the higher side of the temperature while the yellow one in

showing the lower extreme of the room temperature.

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Materials and Budget

Components Used

The temperature monitoring system requires the following components:

Arduino UNO:

The Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board that is based on the ATmega328P. The Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board used in temperature monitoring circuits that is based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog input pins, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power socket, and a reset button. The Arduino UNO is programmed with the Arduino IDE (integrated development environment), which streamlines the process of uploading code to the board. It is supplied by a 5V USB connection or an external power supply, making it

ideal for a variety of applications including the Internet of Things (IoT). The major component of

the temperature monitoring system is the Arduino UNO, which provides the power and I/O

(input-output) capabilities required to communicate with the project's TMP36 temperature

sensor and 3 LED output.

TMP36 Temperature Sensor:

The TMP36 is a temperature sensor with an output voltage which is proportional to the

temperature in Celsius (°C). The TMP35, TMP36, and TMP37 are low voltage, precision centigrade

temperature sensors. They generate a voltage output that is proportionate to the Celsius

(centigrade) temperature. The TMP35/TMP36/TMP37 require no external calibration to provide

average accuracies of ±1°C at +25°C and ±2°C for the -40°C to +125°C temperature range.

The TMP35/TMP36/TMP37's low output impedance, linear output, and exact calibration make it

easy to interface with temperature control circuitry and ADCs. All three devices are designed for

single-supply operation at 2.7 V to 5.5 V maximum. The supply current is below 50 μA, resulting

in little self-heating—less than 0.1°C in still air. The shutdown function reduces the supply current

to less than 0.5 μA. The TMP35 is functionally compatible with the TMP36/LM50. The TMP35 and

The TMP37 is suited for applications ranging from 5°C to 100°C and has an output scale factor of

20 mV/°C. At 25°C, the TMP37 outputs 500 mV. When powered by a 5 V source, all devices can

operate at temperatures up to 150°C with decreased precision.

LED:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that produces light when an electric

current is sent through it. When current flows through an LED, electrons recombine with holes,

generating light in the process. LEDs allow current to flow forward while blocking it in the reverse

direction.

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direction. Light-emitting diodes use highly doped p-n junctions. When forward biased, an LED emits coloured light at a certain spectral wavelength depending on the semiconductor material employed and the quantity of doping. As indicated in the image, an LED is encased in a transparent cover to allow emitted light to escape.

1K Resistor:

Resistors are passive electrical components having two terminals that limit or regulate current flow in circuits. The primary function of a resistor is to reduce current flow and voltage in a specific region of a circuit. It is comprised of copper wires wrapped around a ceramic rod, and the resistor's outside surface is covered with insulating paint.

Breadboard:

The breadboard is used to connect the parts to the circuit for the temperature monitoring circuit.

Male-to-Male Jumper Wires:

The male-to-male jumper wires are used to make the connections.

Estimated Budget

Arduino Uno R3 $15 - $25

Temperature Sensor [TMP36] $10 - $15

LED $2 - $5

The anticipated costs for the temperature monitoring system varies based on the quality and

brand of the project's components. However, a preliminary estimate of the cost of the

components is given below:

1K Resistor $1 - $2

Breadboard $5 - $10

Male-to-Male Jumper Wires $1 - $2

The overall anticipated budget for the temperature monitoring system is between $34 and $59,

which is not very costly; but, if we execute the circuit in a simulation environment, it may become

free of charge. The temperature monitoring system presented in this project is an inexpensive

way to show the ambient temperature in a room. The project's components are widely available,

making it suitable for students and DIY enthusiast. The system's anticipated cost is affordable,

making it an attractive alternative for anyone wishing to create their own temperature

monitoring system as a DIY project or for use in the home or workplace.

Design Implementation

Circuit Diagram

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Figure 2 Circuit Diagram

The temperature monitoring system is designed by using an TMP36 temperature sensor, an

Arduino UNO board, and three LED with different color and three 1K resistor. The sensor is

connected to the A0 (analog input pin) of the UNO board. The LED is connected to 10, 11 and 12

(digital pins) of the UNO board. The yellow Led is connected to pin number 12, while blue Led is

connected to pin number 11 and red Led is connected to pin number 10. The TMP36 sensor is

getting supply of 5V from the Arduino UNO board, and its output is connected to the A0 pin. The

LED is powered by the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino UNO through the 1K resistance.

Code Structure

The code consists of three if-else functions which are used to initialize and set the LED on and

off. Here we have the variable named as Temp, so we are sensing the temperature and storing

the value in the variable temp. The value of the Temp can be varied from -20 to 125. We have

three conditions for the output. So, when temperature is lesser than 25 degrees Celsius then

yellow led will glow up which shows the lower limit of the measured temperature, when the

temperature is equal to 52 degrees Celsius then blue led will glow up which shows the Mid limit

of the measured temperature and last when the temperature is greater than 80 degrees Celsius

then Red led will glow up which shows the higher limit of the measured temperature. Therefore,

every second Arduino do the below. Records a reading of temperature from the TMP36 sensor.

Relates it with the previously recorded temperature. Updates the status of the LED according to

the minimum and maximum temperatures that are recorded. Glow the LED according to the

temperatures on the Serial Monitor.

Hardware Implementation

The TMP36 sensor is a temperature sensor that can sense temperatures which provides an

output voltage directly proportional to the temperature. The Arduino UNO is programmed in

order to sample the analog voltage from the sensor and convert it to a temperature reading.

The above circuit diagram shows the schematic for the hardware setup of our project. In This

figure the TMP36 sensor is connected to the A0 (analog input pin) of the UNO board. The LED is

connected to 10, 11 and 12 (digital pins) of the UNO board. The yellow Led is connected to pin

number 12, while blue led is connected to pin number 11 and red Led is connected to pin number

10. The TMP36 sensor is getting supply of 5V from the Arduino UNO board, and its output is

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connected to the A0 pin. The LED is powered by the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino UNO through

the 1K resistance.

Output when Temperature is greater than 80:

when the temperature is greater than 80 degrees Celsius then Red led will glow up which shows

the higher limit of the measured temperature.

Output when Temperature is Smaller than 25:

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when temperature is lesser than 25 degrees Celsius then yellow led will glow up which shows the

lower limit of the measured temperature.

Analysis:

Power Consumption

The temperature monitoring equipment consumes very little electricity. The TMP36 temperature sensor uses relatively little power, and the Arduino UNO is built to be energy efficient. The LED display requires little power, but it is only active when the system is turned on and the temperature data appear on the display. The temperature monitoring system has low power consumption, making it ideal for long-term monitoring applications in enterprises and homes.

Working Temperature

The TMP36 temperature sensor is designed in order to operate in a range of temperature ranges (-40°C to 125°C). This makes it appropriate for a variety of applications, including monitoring ambient temperatures for indoors and outdoors. The Arduino UNO is also designed to operate in a range of temperatures (-40°C to 85°C). This guarantees that the temperature monitoring system can function for numerous environmental conditions without error.

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Control Distance

The control distance of the temperature monitoring system is limited by the length of the connecting wires between the TMP36 sensor, the Arduino UNO, and the LED display. However, since the system is designed to be used in close proximity to the temperature being monitored, this is not typically a limiting factor if we see the applications of the project in particular. In practical applications, the temperature monitoring system can be placed in the same room as the temperature being monitored, ensuring an accurate and reliable temperature readings.

Conclusion

The temperature monitoring system is proficient in accurately measuring and displaying temperature readings being recorded in a variety of conditions. The system is energy-efficient, making it useful for long-term monitoring applications. The system is designed to be used near the temperature being monitored, ensuring accuracy and reliable temperature readings.

Conclusions

Summary of Findings

The temperature monitoring system is built with a TMP36 temperature sensor, an Arduino UNO board, and an LED. It is a dependable and cost-effective solution for monitoring temperature in a variety of applications, both household and industrial. The device precisely records temperature measurements in real time, giving vital data for monitoring and analysis to better regulate the situation. The TMP36 temperature sensor can also detect temperatures ranging from -40°C to 125°C, making it ideal for a variety of applications. The Arduino UNO is intended to operate in a wide temperature range, ensuring that the temperature monitoring system works reliably in a variety of environments.

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monitoring system, which would allow temperature measurements to be checked remotely. This might be accomplished by adding a wireless module, such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, to the Arduino UNO board. Another potential improvement is to add data logging capabilities to the temperature monitoring system. This might be accomplished by integrating a data logging module, such as an SD card module. An alarm system can also be added to the temperature monitoring system to notify users when the temperature rises over predetermined thresholds.

This might be accomplished by connecting a buzzer or LED to the Arduino UNO and programming it to sound an alert when the temperature surpasses a specified threshold. The temperature monitoring system's user interface might be improved by include a graphical display, such as a touchscreen, to make it more engaging. The power management of the temperature monitoring system might be improved by connecting a power management module, such as a solar panel or battery, to the Arduino UNO. This would enable the temperature monitoring device to work in remote places or those with limited power availability. The temperature monitoring system is a useful instrument for measuring temperature in a variety of applications.

References

1. A. Roy, P. Das and R. Das, "Temperature and humidity monitoring system for storage rooms of industries," 2017 International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies for Smart Nation (IC3TSN), Gurgaon, India, 2017, pp. 99-103, doi: 10.1109/IC3TSN.2017.8284459.

2. U. Gada, B. Joshi, S. Kadam, N. Jain, S. Kodeboyina and R. Menon, "IOT based Temperature Monitoring System," 2021 4th Biennial International Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering (ICNTE), Navi Mumbai, India, 2021, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICNTE51185.2021.9487691.

3. M. Fatangare, A. Nimbalkar, G. Chite, A. Narkhede and A. Khilnani, "An Efficient Temperature Monitoring using Raspberry Pi," 2020 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), Coimbatore, India, 2020, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICICT48043.2020.9112376.

4. N. A. Khairi, A. B. Jambek, T. W. Boon and U. Hashim, "Design and analysis of a wireless temperature monitoring system," RSM 2013 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics, Daerah Langkawi, Malaysia, 2013, pp. 105-108, doi: 10.1109/RSM.2013.6706484.

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5. H. Mansor, M. H. A. Shukor, S. S. Meskam, N. Q. A. M. Rusli and N. S. Zamery, "Body temperature measurement for remote health monitoring system," 2013 IEEE International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2013, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICSIMA.2013.6717956.

Appendix

Source Code

set Temp to map read analog pin A0 - 20 x 4 to range -20 to 125

print to serial monitor Temp with newline

if Temp <= 25 then

set pin 12 to HIGH

else

set pin 12 to LOW

if Temp <= 52 then

set pin 11 to HIGH

else

set pin 11 to LOW

if Temp <= 80 then

set pin 10 to HIGH

else

set pin 10 to LOW

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Code Explanation

The code consists of three if-else procedures that are used to initialize and turn on/off the LED.

We have a variable named Temp, therefore we are detecting the temperature and saving the

result in the variable temp. The temperature may be set anywhere between -20 and 125

degrees Celsius. We have three conditions for the output. So, when the temperature is less

than 25 degrees Celsius, a yellow LED will illuminate, indicating the lowest limit of the detected

temperature. When the temperature is equal to 52 degrees Celsius, the blue led will light up,

indicating the midpoint of the recorded temperature, and when the temperature exceeds 80

degrees Celsius, the red led will light up, indicating the upper limit of the measurement. As a

result, every second, Arduino executes the following code. Temperature readings are recorded

by the TMP36 sensor. Compares it to the previously reported temperature. Updates the LED's

state based on the minimum and highest temperatures measured. Glow the LED in accordance

with the temperatures displayed on the Serial Monitor.

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