ABSTRACT
PARDILLO, RONNIE JR. B., Davao del Sur State College (DSSC),
Institute of Business Education and Governance (IBEG), Matti, Digos City.
December 2023. “THE PERCEIVED LEVEL OF SOCIOCULTURAL IMPACTS OF WATER-BASED TOURISM IN MATANAO, DAVAO DEL SUR” Undergraduate Thesis.
Adviser: Mr. Roy R. Molina
This study was conducted to document the respondents’ socioeconomic profile, tourist spot awareness, and sociocultural impact assessment. It also examined and established the significant differences in between socioeconomic profile of respondents and the perceived level of sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism. The study was performed in Baragay Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur, and by utilizing survey questionnaires, the researcher, succeeded to gather data coming from 328 respondents. Result shows that a large number in the respondents are adults aging 31-60 years old. Majority are females and most of them are high school undergraduate. Majority are unemployed and have an estimated monthly income of less than 5,000 pesos. Respondents’ majority are aware of four water-based tourist spots namely; Anbang, Soliman falls, Fetam klego, and Balnunto waterfalls. It appeared that, the residents of Barangay Colonsabak
perceived good impacts of water-based tourism to the sociocultural fabric
of the community. There is no significant differences between the
socioeconomic profile of the respondents and their perceived level of
sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
Keywords: Water-based tourism, sociocultural impact, tourism
development, Community perceptions.
THE PERCEIVED LEVEL OF SOCIOCULTURAL IMPACTS OF WATER-
BASED TOURISM IN MATANAO, DAVAO DEL SUR
RONNIE B. PARDILLO JR.
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE INSTITUTE OF
BUSINESS EDUCATION AND GOVERNANCE, DAVAO DEL
SUR STATE COLLEGE, MATTI DIGOS CITY IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
MAY 2024
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “PERCEIVED LEVEL OF SOCIOCULTURAL IMPACTS OF WATER-BASED TOURISM IN MATANAO DAVAO DEL SUR” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Public Administration is hereby accepted.
JAN CHRISTIAN D. ENERO, MBA
Member
Date Signed
NOREEN FAITHE L. PUZON, CPA
Member
Date Signed
ROY R. MOLINA
Adviser
Date Signed
ROEL JR. D. APAS, MPA
Chairperson
Date Signed
ZANDRO P. IBAÑEZ, Ed.D.
Dean
Date Signed
Institute of Business Education and Governance
Davao del Sur State College,
Mati, Digos City
Date Signed
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researcher would want to express a gratitude and greatest
appreciation to the following individuals, groups, and institutions who
became a part and gave significant contributions to the overall success of
this thesis:
To Davao del Sur State College, the researcher is deeply thankful for
providing an academic environment and support that nurtured his research
endeavors.
To Sir Roy R. Molina, the Thesis Adviser, the researcher extends a
heartfelt appreciation for the invaluable guidance, and shared knowledge
throughout the process.
To the esteemed panel members, Sir Jan Christian D. Enero, MBA,
Ma’am Noreen Faithe I. Puzon, CPA, Sir Roel Jr. Apas MPA, and Sir Zandro
Ibañez Ed.D. for their time and effort in providing an insightful feedback
and constructive criticism that enhanced the quality of this thesis.
To the classmates and peers, the researcher expresses an
appreciation for the camaraderie, shared insights, and collaborative spirit
that enriched the research experience.
To the ever-supportive family, specially to the parents, Judith B.
Pardillo and Ronnie W. Pardillo Sr., the researcher is greatly thankful for the
unending support, spiritually, emotionally and most specially in financial
aspect that made this thesis possible.
To CJ, the researcher has always been thankful for the unending
love, encouragement, and support that strengthened his spirit all
throughout his thesis journey.
Finally, acknowledging the grace of God the almighty who bistowed
heavenly knowledge, wisdom, guidance and sustainable strength in this
academic goal.
The Researcher
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY PAGES
ABSTRACT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
Definition of Terms
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Tourism Impact Assessment
Tourism Impact on Local Communities
The Attitude and Opinions of Residents Towards the Development of Tourism
Community Involvement in the Growth of Tourism
Locals' Engagement in the Growth of Tourism
Tourism as a Tool for Development
Tourism Positive Economic Impacts
Tourism Negative Economic Impacts
Tourism Positive Sociocultural Impacts of Tourism
Tourism Negative Sociocultural Impacts
Tourism Positive Environmental Impacts
Tourism Negative Environmental Impacts
Conceptual Framework
PAGE
i
iii
vi
V
vii
ix
X
xi
Hypothesis
III METHODOLOGY
Research Locale
Research Design
Research Respondents
Sampling Design and Technique
Research Instrument
Data Gathered
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Tools
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socioeconomic Profile of the Respondents
Assessment on the Awareness of respondents on the
Identified Water-based Tourist Spots In Matanao
Perceived sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism
Significant Differences Between Groups
V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1 A paradigm showing the relationship between the
independent and dependent variables in the study
entitled “PERCEIVED LEVEL OF
SOCIOCULTURAL IMPACTS OF WATER-BASED
TOURISM IN MATANAO, DAVAO DEL SUR”. 21
2 Google maps of Brgy. Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao
del Sur. 22
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX PAGE
1 Validation Sheet 55
2 Survey Questionnaire 56
3 Permit to Conduct 59
4 Sample Filled-up Questionnaire 60
5 Photo Documentation 61
6 Turnitin Results 63
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1 Population and Sample Size of Respondents 24
2 List of Water-based Tourist Spots 25
3 Socioeconomic Profile of The Residents in Brgy. Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur 28
4 Assessment on the Awareness of Respondents on the Identified Water-based Tourist Spots 35
5 Level of Agreement on Perceived Sociocultural Impacts of Water-based Tourism 40
6 Significant Differences Between the Socioeconomic Profile of the Respondents and the Perceived level of Sociocultural Impacts of Water-based Tourism 42
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Now that more people are traveling across the world, bad effects of
the tourism becomes more apparent that includes bringing harm to the
culture of the locals. In able for the world to deal with these very
rampant problems, organizations related to tourism and the government
must have understand the possible drawbacks and provide possible
actions to address them.
There were diverse opinions from locals viewpoint, some are against
of tourism and seen it as a threat, while to some, tourism contributes a
great results in their community. Although tourism can benefit local
communities, there are also drawbacks like disrupting cultural norms,
causing social issues, and displacing locals, displacement of the residents,
and transforming some areas into a marketable centers. The authors
suggest further research in order to comprehend how evidently tourism
brings an impact to the local people and community due to its established
sociocultural effects (Muhammad et al., 2018)
Within the Philippine context of development of tourism, successfully
getting a long-term sustainability needs a very clear and comprehensive
understanding of the factors in a sociocultural aspect that shapes the
sector. Examples of the possible factors may include the abundant cultural
heritages of the country, the much diverse indigenous communities, and
the essence of the preservation and continuous promotion of their
traditions(Gutierrez et al., 2020)
Going deeper and having a holistic understanding on the effects of
tourism unto the residents is indeed challenging for a fact that each
destinations has its own unique features, nature, and even its varying
impacts that it can have. A break down of these impacts coming from the
perspective of the residents is truly difficult, that is why indeed, it is
essential to study many different areas to guarantee that there will be an
exact assessment about the whole effect of initiatives for development.
Most studies that were conducted related to how the locals understood
the distinctive effects and advancements of tourism were primarily
focused on the Global North and only looked at case investigations in
wealthy nations, especially in regions recognised for their rural tourism
and leisure pursuits. In addition, through research on the sociocultural
impacts caused by tourism is lacking in developing areas. Most existing
studies focus on rural or coastal communities, neglecting urban areas.
Consequently, only few research has been done on how tourism affects
the economic development of Matanao, Davao del Sur as perceived by its
residents. Recently, a few tourist destinations have been developed in
Matanao, Davao del Sur, attracting local visitors from both Matanao and
neighboring areas. The Local Government Unit of Municipality of Matanao
has been focusing on increasing the numbers of tourist attractions to create
opportunities and positively affect economic growth.
In this light, the researcher decided to conduct the study to know how
residents perceived some sociocultural impacts brought by local tourism in
Matanao. Since, the local government want to expand tourism in different
areas of Matanao, understanding the community perception of tourism is
important step to ensure sustainable development that local communities
may be adversely affected. In a way of understanding the perspective of
the local community, governments and business can ensure that their
tourism policies and practices are beneficial to local communities.
Objectives of the Study
A significant intention of this investigations was to know the
community perceptions on the sociocultural impacts of water-based
tourism in Matanao, Davao del Sur. Specifically aims to:
1. To ascertain the socioeconomic profile of the respondents in terms
of :
1.1 Age ;
1.2 Gender ;
1.3 Educational Attainment ;
1.4 Employment Status ; and
1.5 Monthly Income .
2. To assess the awareness of respondents on the identified water-based
tourist spots.
3. To determine the perceived level of sociocultural impacts of water-based
tourism.
4. To test if there are any significant differences in between socioeconomic
profile of selected respondents and the perceived level of sociocultural
impacts of water-based tourism.
Significance of The Study
Execution of research that discovers different views held by
residents regarding the water-based sociocultural impacts as a guide for
policy implementation crucial to the host areas’ development. As a result,
its research findings and suggestions may provide valuable input in
identifying and promoting policy matters regarding tourism planning, as
well as the growth of local tourism that impacts the socio-
cultural welfare within the Matanao LGU. The information that will be
gathered in this study will greatly benefit the following:
LGU Matanao. This data can be utilised to create policies and
plans that are customised to address unique needs and issues within the
neighbourhood to ensure that existing benefits of water-based tourism are
maximised then be able to minimise any adverse damage. The LGU
especially the Tourism office can benefit from this study by understanding
the perspectives and opinions of local community in connection to the
observed impacts of water- based tourism, in this way, they can take
actions considering upon the outcome and conclusion of this research. By
guaranteeing that their strategies and directives align with their aims and
objectives, it helps foster sustainable practices.
Community. This offers an insightful information about how local
groups view tourism’s contribution on culture, identity, way of life, and
their social norms. We can better understand how tourism can be
managed to best meet the necessities of the local communities while
generating good economic advantages by knowing how they view
sociocultural implications of tourism. The outcome of this research can
possibly be used to guide policy decisions about administrating tourism
and the adoption of sustainable practices.
regulated to their advantage. Governments and tourism organisations
may more effectively evaluate and create plans that support sustainable
tourism and benefit the local populace by knowing how the community
within the locality perceive their offerings.
Davao del Sur State College. It offers insightful information
about how these tourism-related activities viewed and felt by local
community. This research can inform college’s curriculum, engagement on
community initiatives, policy and recommendations for the purpose of
sustainable and culturally sensitive growth in the area.
Future Researchers. This study gives a great sense of progress to
the future researchers in making other related research pertaining to
progressive resources. This will give them initial information that focuses
on people’s perceptions on the local tourism that impacts economic
development to build a broader exploration on its positive implementation.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The main intention of the research was to ascertain the perceptions
of the residents on the sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism in
Matanao,
Davao del Sur. The respondents that were selected and gave responses to
the research survey are from the local residents in Barangay Colonsabak
in Matanao where some water-based tourist destinations are located. This
study examined different viewpoints of their local community members upon
the sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism in their area. It was
focused regards to their perceived social, and cultural impacts driven by
tourism, such as changes to local culture, traditions, environment, and
economy in general. This study is limited to the residents in areas with
water-based tourism spots. The study does not consider the perceptions
of tourists or other stakeholders, such as government officials and
business owners.
Definition of Terms
For a well deeper comprehension of the study, the following
The meanings of the terms are determined within the framework of this study.
Attitudes
- The beliefs and values held by individuals or groups towards tourism activities.
Culture and
Practices
- The beliefs, customs, and traditions shared
by a group of people.
Economic
development
- Initiatives, regulations, or endeavors
aimed at enhancing the financial
prosperity and overall living standards of a
community.
Involvement
- The active participation of individuals,
groups, or organizations in tourism
activities.
LGU
- The political subdivisions at the provincial,
city, municipal, or barangay level in the
Republic of the Philippines are local
government units.
Local Tourism
- An activity that focuses on beautifying and
innovating local areas to create tourist
attractions as social, cultural, and
economic phenomena for the people to
visit.
Opportunities
- Refers to the chance of having a favorable
situation.
Perceptions - Refers to the views, and observations of a
particular person about something.
Sociocultural
impacts - The effects that water-based tourism have
on the destination’s social or cultural context.
Using resources in a way that satisfies
current needs while avoiding endangering
the ability of coming generations to
meet their personal demands.
Sustainable
development - Using resources in a way that satisfies
current needs while avoiding endangering the ability of coming generations to
meet their personal demands.
Tourism policies - Government regulations, incentives, and
programs designed to promote and sustain
the tourism sector.
Water-based
tourism - Tourism that is focused on activities
related to water, such as swimming, and
fishing.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Tourism Impact Assessment
Tourism in a local government has the potential to bring about both
good and bad effects, which is widely acknowledged (Spenceley et al.,2012).
To ensure tourism industry’s long-term success and its sustainability,
evaluating observed impacts to the local communities is much essential. This
evaluation makes it conceivable to pinpoint both advantages or inconvenient
results on the local area’s financial matters, climate, social texture, and social
inheritance (Hidayat, et al., 2021). Established on the review from ( Prayag et
al., al., (2013), by considering local people’s points of view, the travel industry
might be made more profitable and fill toward its host districts while
decreasing its pessimistic results, which thusly increments neighbourhood
support for improvement projects. Moreover, as expressed by Stylidis et al.,
(2014), understanding nearby local area insights is fundamental for effective
preparation and strategy creation and is a basic part of fruitful and reasonable
vacationer improvement. These impacts incorporate cultural, monetary, and
ecological factors can have a major ramifications for local group’s way of life in
the towns where the travel industry exercises are occurring.
Tourism Impact on Local Communities
As indicated by Wang’s (2017) study, while the townspeople are
sure about the advantages of the travel industry, they are similarly
stressed over its downsides, which incorporate traffic, ecological
debasement, and elimination of conventional societies. These outcomes
likewise show that local people’s perspectives on the travel industry are
affected by their age and instructive achievement among other segment
characteristics. As per review depended on an overview of 635
neighbourhood networks in China, the travel industry affected the nearby
networks’ sociocultural viewpoint in both advantaged and hindered ways
(Li et al., 2018). As per report, the development of the travel industry can
possibly both emphatically and adversely influence neighbourhood
networks. Beneficial outcomes could incorporate extended work prospects
and better framework, while adverse consequences could incorporate
expanding wrongdoing and natural debasement. For quite a while, the
travel industry has been advanced as possible method for diminishing
destitution in rustic regions a giving opportunities to monetary
development(Rahmawati et al., 2020). In any case, it is urgent to
comprehend that the travel industry may likewise negatively affect these
networks. The tourism industry works on the public activity of the host
networks and expands the quantity of people working. The travel industry
well affects endeavors to address unemployment issue(Boz, 2017).
The Mentality and Assessments of Occupants Towards
Advancement of Tourism Industry
As per Zamari-Farahani and Musa (2012), policymakers in the
traveler area should get a handle on the perspective of the neighbourhood
local area. Policymakers can decrease the conceivable adverse
consequences of the travel industry improvement and expand its
beneficial outcomes by valuing the worth of the local area’s friendliness
and considering the local area’s discernment. This will at last help tourism
industry and local area advancement (Prayag et al., 2013). Arranging and
creating vacationer strategy should consider the perspectives and
perspectives on local people who will be affected by the proposed model
of the progress of the travel industry improvement notwithstanding
monetary contemplation. Long haul progress in the travel industry area
relies upon the commitment and happiness of these occupants, who are
significant partners (Lo et al., 2014). Various studies have investigated
how Thai individuals see the impacts from tourism industry development.
Community Involvement in The Growth of Tourism
Expanding travel industry in a manner that includes the local area
is significant to accomplishing comprehensive and supportable
development. Allowing the nearby area the opportunity to contribute their
assets, information, and experience guarantees that they can participate
in arranging and direction (Bei-ming et al., 2022). Partaking in decision-
production with the local area is favourable in light of the fact that it
constructs trust in the travel industry area, which furthers develops
arranging, administration conveyance, and solidarity among those with
shared objectives (Muganda et al., 2013). Local area individuals should
effectively take part simultaneously and give their contemplation and
information for travel industry advancement to be economical and for
them to benefit from it (Maneenet et al., 2014).
Locals’ Engagement in the Growth of Tourism
The achievement and maintainability of objections are to a great
extent subject to the support of local groups in the travel industry
improvement. The perspectives, mentalities, and backing local residents
have for their development of tourism fundamentally affect the general
outcomes and impacts of the tourism industry in their networks (Chen et
al., 2019). Since they commonly offer significant services, housing, food,
data, and different administrations at an objects the nearby towns act as
the center for the development of tourism. To draw and oblige travelers
and assurance their solace and joy while visiting,these administrations are
fundamental (Ngxongo and Stew, 2017). A significant factor in travel
industry’s success and manageability is the local area’s contribution and
commitment. Careful arranging is expected to construct an objective that
satisfies the needs of the neighbourhood populace (Mastika et al., 2021).
Besides nearby occupants’ contribution assumes a basic part in the fruitful
preparation of the travel industry and guaranteeing that they are
educated about normal outcomes regarding this turn of events ( [unreadable] et al., 2021).
Tourism Industry as an Instrument for Improvement
Tourism industry has assisted with foundation improvement,
confidential speculation excitement, and getting unfamiliar guests to give
occupations to individuals, it is seen as an instrument for advancement
(Quynh, 2022). The industry of tourism, as an improvement tool,
cultivates financial development, makes occupations, and advances social
trade, adding to the general thriving of networks. It is habitually used for
the purpose of public turn of events, as per certain examinations, and for
most part achieves both advantageous and adverse impacts on the host
networks and their general government assistance (Sebahat et al., 2016).
Tourism Positive Economic Impacts
In the investigation of (Thullah and Liu, 20201), the discoveries
showed that travel industry has set out work open doors for people,
especially young ones. The kinds of business change from full-time to part
time. Besides, local people have had the option to lay out organizations to
take special care of the necessities and wants of travelers, prompting
financial development in different regions of the country. The act of
tourism is acknowledged as a useful method to expand the income-
generating channels for local communities. Lessening citizens' reliance on
a particular economic activity and eventually enhancing the community's
overall strength, tourism broadens their possibilities by attracting and
generating job opportunities in the hotel and service industries.
Additionally, tourism development stimulates the growth of supporting
industries such as transportation, retail, and entertainment, creating a
ripple effect of economic activity in the local economy (Salihin, 2021).
Tourism generates a significant amount of money that flows through
various sectors of the economy, thanks to the multiplier effect (Bukenya,
2012).
Tourism Negative Economic Impacts
With its potential to facilitate both cultural and economic interactions,
travel industry has grown to be an important global region. But it's crucial
to understand that tourism can also have adverse impacts on humanity,
especially in the host community residents (Amoiradis et al., 2021). Most
travel industry occupations are low-paid and, frequently, occasional,
leaving the representatives required without work for some piece of every
year, and they are, subsequently, left experiencing joblessness. In the
tourism business, revenue leakage is a widespread problem that impacts
host destinations. While foreign networks hold significance, it is imperative
to minimize economic leakage for tourism to yield genuine benefits to the
host nation (Okello & Novelli, 2014).
Tourism Positive Sociocultural Impacts
According to Mckercher and Ho (2012), there has been an increase
in the desire among tourists to immerse themselves in and
gain knowledge about various cultures. This trend has become widespread
in recent times. The "feel-good effect" that local’s sense when tourists visit
their locality is explained by Buckley (2012). The result suggests that the
growth of the tourism industry, especially its smaller sectors like events
tourism, is essential to developing a sense of community pride within the
locals. In the words of Ertuna and Kirbas (2012), efforts to develop
tourism in modern, sensitive host communities tend to be appreciated by
those who work to expand the the quantity of community facilities
available. As a result, it is likely that residents will no longer voice
any opposition to the growth of tourism that might have otherwise
arisen. Locals who take part in tourist development may feel more invested
in the area and be more likely to protect the resources that are present
there (Jaafar et al., 2017).
Tourism Negative Sociocultural Impacts
Owing to its capacity to promote cross-cultural and cross-
economic exchanges, tourism has developed into a significant worldwide
industry. However, it's important to realize that tourism can also
negatively impact society, particularly in the host communities (Amoiradis
et al., 2021). Worry over likely adverse consequences on the way how
local group carry on with their life is becoming as the quantity of
sightseers in have networks increments. Aside from offering valuable open
doors and monetary advantages to the getting local area, the travel
industry additionally conveys the gamble of assimilation and the
annihilation of the local lifestyle (Beritelli et al., 2013). A portion of the
negative sociocultural repercussions of the travel industry incorporate the
deficiency of conventional qualities, the separation of nearby occupants,
and the crumbling of native culture. Notwithstanding other social and
financial issues, the host towns can see an expansion in asset double-
dealing, improvement, and guiltiness subsequently (Fletcher and
Kousoulas, 2020).
Tourism Positive Environmental Impacts
The great upbringing of the travel industry, on the climate and the
benefits it offers have objections are notable. Improvement and upgrade of
natural protection can be enormously helped by the travel industry
(Danaparamita et al., 2020). There are various associations between natural
protection and the travel industry can offer nearby individuals monetary
chance, which can assist with protection drives. Furthermore, an expanded
degree of mindfulness about the need and safeguard regular habitats, training
of vacationers, and guests the same with respect to ecological preservation,
and potential for the travel industry to energize the assignment of new normal
regions for protection and security are a portion of the advantages of the
travel industry that can upgrade the general nature of the regular habitat of
the location. Given that park entry payments and other comparable income
can explicitly be designated to finance the management and preservation of
environmentally sensitive areas, tourism can make a direct contribution to
the preservation of delicate regions with their habitat (The International
Ecotourism Society, 2016).
Tourism Negative Environmental Impacts
Despite the connection that exists, there is enmity between the climate and the travel industry. The biological system endures the travel industry’s negative side-effects, which debilitate the groundwork of its assets and at last reason the
climate to implode. The effect of the travel industry on natural supportability is
a basic subject that merits exhaustive examination and thought. The worldwide
development of the travel industry has carried various advantages to economies
and neighbourhood networks, however it has likewise prompted huge ecological
difficulties (Dickinson et al., 2013). Exercises, for example, hunting and the
travel industry adversely influence the climate, likewise the natural life by
hunting environments and decreasing creature populaces, particularly bird
populates (Deng et al., 2016). Changes in saltiness and siltation can have
different ramifications for beach front living spaces, while sewage contamination
represents a danger to the strength of creatures and people (Holden, 2016).
Conceptual Framework
Socioeconomic Profile:
Age,
Gender
Educational Attainment
Employment Status
Monthly Income
Perceived Level of Sociocultural Impacts
Figure 1. An illustration of the interaction between the independent and dependent variables in the research topic entitled “PERCEIVED LEVEL OF SOCIOCULTURAL IMPACTS OF WATER-BASED TOURISM IN MATANAO DAVAO DEL SUR”
Hypothesis
The following hypotheses was tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Ho. There is no huge distinctions between the socioeconom ic profile of the
respondents and the perceived level of sociocultural impacts of
water-based tourism.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Research Locale
The research was being executed in Barangay Colonsabac, which is
located in Matanao, Davao del Sur. Matanao is a municipality situated in the
province of Davao del Sur, known for its natural beauty and tourism
potential. Barangay Colonsabac was chosen as a research locale because of
its community rich in culture, and most importantly, there are four water-
based tourist destinations that attract visitors from different places.
Figure 2: Google map of Brgy. Colonsabac Matanao Davao del Sur
A descriptive-comparative type of research design was utilized in this
review. This design allowed for the description of variables and the
comparison of groups within the population. The purpose of this design
was to determine the interaction among variables and create a formal
process for comparing and figuring out which is superior if there is a
substantial difference. This research design was chosen because it
provides a systematic and rigorous approach to gathering and analyzing
data (Retutas & Rubio, 2021).
Research Respondents
The respondents that were selected in the study are the residents in
Brgy. [unreadable] Matanao, Davao del Sur wherein some water-based
tourist destinations are located, because the researcher believed that their
perceptions as response are the needed information and will be valid to give
answers in this study. The age limit for the respondents to participate in the
survey are within the range of 18 years and above. The sample selection
had determined the total numbers of respondents in this study.
Sampling Design and Technique
The information in the review was gathered from a sum of 328 respondents in the research Locale who are the selected residents of Barangay Colonsabac in Matanao, Davao del Sur. Simple random sampling was used in the sampling selection wherein a subset of respondents is chosen at random by the researcher. The sample size for this study had been calculated using the slovin's formula with a margin of error of 0.05.
Table 1. Population and Sample Size of the Respondents
Barangay Population Sample Size
Colonsabac 1,810 328
Table 2. List of Water-based Tourist Spots.
Balnunto waterfalls "Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur"
Soliman waterfalls Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur
Anbang waterfalls Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur
Fetam klego Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur
-----------------------------------------------
Research Instrument
The researcher used a constructed survey questionnaire that was validated.
The survey questionnaire is divided into three parts: (1) socio- economic profile, (2)
Identifying Water-based Tourist Spots in Matanao, (3) Perceived level of
sociocultural impacts of water- based tourism in their neighbourhood.
The accompanying scope of means will be used in the
interpretation of the responses of perceived sociocultural impacts of
water- based tourism.
Range of Means Descriptive level Interpretation
4.20-5.00 Very High This implies that the respondents strongly agree with the statement relating to perceived sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
3.40-4.19 High This implies the respondents concur with the assertion relating to perceived sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
2.60-3.39 Moderate This means that respondents neither concur nor contradict the statement relating to perceived sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
1.80-2.59 Low This means the respondents disagree with the statement relating to perceived sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
1.00-1.79 Very low This means the respondents strongly disagree with the statement relating to perceived sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
Data Gathered
The data gathered includes the socioeconomic profile of the respondents such as age, gender, educational attainment, employment status, and monthly income. It will also include the awareness on the identified water-based tourist spots of the residents, and the perceived level of sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism in Matanao, Davao del Sur.
Data Gathering Procedure
These were the procedures and steps that were used by the researcher as a guide to conduct the study:
• To conduct the study, the first step was to create a formal consent and send it to the administration to obtain approval and permission.
• Secondly, the researcher had to prepare the materials to bring, such as a questionnaire and other paraphernalia. Identification of the respondents included the residents of Barangay Colonsabak in Matanao, Davao del Sur.
• Thirdly, the researcher had to take a brief explanation of the study and the goals to ensure that they would support the study and provide accurate and reliable responses.
• The fourth step was the distribution of the survey questionnaires to the
identified 328 respondents who were required to sign.
• Since health protocols had to be maintained,to guarantee the wellbeing of
the respondents and the analyst, the review was led eye to eye. The
researcher conducted the study in accordance with the standard
health protocols given by the Department of Health (DOH), such as
wearing face masks and observing social distancing and other sanitary
practices.
• After the respondents finished answering the questionnaire, the
researcher collected those questionnaires to conclude the survey.
• To conclude the collection of data, the data was tabulated using Excel
to determine the solution to the study.
Statistical Tools
Simple frequencies and metrics like frequency counts and
percentages, mean, standard deviation, and Levene's test for equality of
variance were used to analyse and tabulate the data. The following data
treatment were used:
1. Frequency Counts and Percentage. This was used in describing
the socioeconomic profile of the respondents, and the identified water-
based tourist spots.
2. Mean. This was used to describe the central tendency or average of
a dataset on the perceived level of sociocultural impacts of water-
based tourism.
3. Standard Deviation. This was used in describing the dispersion or
variability around the mean of a dataset on the perceived level of
sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
4. Levene’s Test for Equality of Variance. This was used in
describing the significant differences between the socioeconomic
profile of the respondents and the perceived level of sociocultural
impacts of water-based tourism.
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socioeconomic Profile of the Respondents
As you can see in the Table 3, (45.1%) of the respondents are
ranging from 18-30 years old, which can be considered as young adults.
(45.4%) of them are adults aging 31-60 years old, while on the other hand,
(9.5%) are senior citizens aging 61 years old and above. Very old people
are known to participate less often than younger age-groups (Ageing,
2018). That is why the data resulted to less percentage of senior citizens
than young adults and adults.
As shown in the data, (59.8%), which is the larger part of the
respondents are female, (36.6%) of involved respondents are male, while
the (3.7%) belongs to an LGBTQ+ community. In a study on survey
response rates, researchers found that males were less likely to participate
in surveys due to their occupation and work commitments, while females
tended to have higher response rates as they were more available to
complete surveys(Young et al., 2020). During survey, what the researcher
observed was that women are likely to stay at home than men because
men usually are on their occupations that made them less available to
participate during surveys.
While it is true that gender can have an impact on survey response rates,
it is important to consider other factors as well. For example, the occupation
or work schedule of individuals can greatly affect their availability to
participate in surveys.
In the “Educational Attainment Category” we can see that (24.1%)
are high school under graduate, (23.8%) are high school graduate, (19.8%)
are elementary graduate, (21.6%) are elementary undergraduate, (7%) of
them are still college undergraduate, while (3.7%) were able to finish
college. In assessing respondents' perceived level of sociocultural impacts
of tourism, it is important to consider identifying their educational
attainment. As the travel industry keeps on assuming a huge part in the
sociocultural and economic life of many countries, understanding the
sociocultural impacts of tourism is crucial (Sira, 2020). As you can see, there
is less percentage of college graduates based on the results because of
some factors such as financial constraints, lack of interests, and limited
access to education
Based on the data results, majority of the respondents with a
percentage of (54%) are unemployed, (32.6%) self-employed, (11%) are
full time employee while few of them were retired with a percentage of
(2.4%). When analyzing the perceived impacts of the tourism, it is actually
essential to determine the job situation of the respondents. This is due to
the fact that people's opinions and experiences with tourism can be greatly
influenced by the type of work they do(( Ladkin et al., 2023). Based on the
researcher's observations, majority of them have less opportunities and
some only relies with their lands and farms to make a living.
The respondent’s monthly income based on the results; (67.4%)
have less than 5,000 a month, (25.6%) have an estimated monthly income
ranging 5,000-10,000, (5.2%) have an estimated income of 11,000-15,000,
while (1.8%) of them have an estimated income of 16,000 and above. The
level of residents' monthly income can have a significant impact towards
their discernment and experiences of the sociocultural impacts of tourism.
Residents with higher monthly incomes may have various assumptions
and inclinations when it comes to tourism development (Bajrami, et al., 2020). Though some of the respondents have a stable income, the majority
Table 3. Socioeconomic profile of residents in Brgy. Colsabsac, Matanao. February 2024
Variables F Percent (%)
Age
18-30 148 45.1
31-60 149 45.4
61-up 31 9.5
Total 328 100
Gender
Male 120 36.6
Female 196 59.8
LGBTQ+ 12 3.7
Total 328 100
Highest Educational Attainment
Elementary Graduate
Elementary Undergraduate
High-school Graduate
High-school Undergraduate
College Graduate
College Undergraduate
Total 328 100
Employment Status
Self-employed
Full-time Employee
Unemployed
Retired
Total 328 100
Monthly Income
Less than 5,000 221 67.4
5,000-10,000 84 25.6
11,000-15,000 17 5.2
16,000 and up 6 1.8
Total 328 100
Assessment on the Awareness of Respondents on the Identified
Water-based Tourist Spots
In the Table 4, it shows the total numbers of identified water-based
tourist spots by the respondents. The results indicates that (100%) of the
respondents were able to identify the three water-based tourist spots such
as Balnunto waterfalls, Soliman waterfalls, and Fetam Klego. On the other
hand, only (99.7%) of them are that familiar of the Anbang Falls, and it is
because for some reason Anbang falls is not that well-known compared to
the other 3 water-based tourist spots. Resident awareness assumes a
noteworthy part in understanding and evaluating the sociocultural impacts
of tourism development. Inhabitants' insights and mentalities towards the
travel industry can greatly alter its overall achievement or disappointment
s of a destination (Adeleke, 2015). Based on the result we can say that a
larger part from a 328 respondents are informed about the four water-
based tourist spots because they also acknowledge and promote the
beauty of the named tourist spots in their area.
Table 4. Assessment on the Awareness of Respondents on the Identified Water-based Tourist Spots. February 2024
Variables F Percent (%)
Identified water-based tourist spots
Balnunto Waterfalls 328 100
Soliman Waterfalls 328 100
Fetam Klego 328 100
Anbang Falls 327 99.7
Mean 327.75 99.925%
Perceived Sociocultural Impacts of water-based tourism
The results provided shows that the residents of Barangay Colonsabac strongly agree in regards to the statement which water-based tourism has a positive effect on the community's cultural identity” (4.30) because according to them, the water-based tourism helped a lot in showing the people what they are as an indigenous people as part of their identity, also it helped them showing the tourists that they are welcoming people and not someone to be feared by many. The result implies that the residents believe that water-based tourism plays a significant role in shaping and showing their community's identity. Water-based tourism also positively impacted their local economy” (4.23), the residents acknowledge
were able to avail some products sold by the residents that in a small way,
contributes to their economic growth. Water-based tourism also positively
impacted the social interactions of the residents” (4.23), because as they
said, water-based tourism encourages the support of everyone that is why
it became an instrument to them to become more connected and they feel
that water-based tourism fosters a sense of community, encourage
residents to engage with one another, and create social bonds. They also
strongly agree that water-based tourism encourages the preservation of
their cultural heritage” (4.21), because it made them realize the value of
their cultural heritage such as lands, and also the traditions and culture they
have. Tourism activities emphasize the importance of local heritage, culture
and traditions, leading to their protection and continuation.
Brgy. Colonsabac residents agree that water-based tourism
enhances sociocultural environment of their local community” (4.10) and
brings cultural diversity” (4.06) because they believe that letting other
people from different places learn about the residents’ traditions and
culture, also meeting kinds of people made them more open-minded and
understanding which is good for their community. The result also means
that tourists who visit bring their traditions and customs, enriching the local
culture, and residents perceive an enhancement in the sociocultural
environment of their local community due to water-based tourism. It also
has a positive impact on the local community’s sociocultural life” (4.02),
residents believe water-based tourism bring people together, promote
cultural exchanges, or create opportunities for community events. They
also agree that it has an effect on environmental sustainability of their
community” (3.97) because it taught them to take responsibility of their
environment, realizing that it helps them in many aspects in life that is why
they practice eco-friendly practices to protect the environmental assets they
have. They also believe that they must conserve their natural resources
because it is part of their cultural heritage. Water-based tourism also has a
significant effect on their social values” (3.89), because they learned that
for them to attract more tourist they must show good values like hospitality,
cooperation, or respect among community members, contributing to a more
harmonious social environment. Ertuna and Kirbas (2012) conducted a
study that delves into this phenomenon, shedding light on a manner wherein
tourism initiatives contribute to the development of local pride and identity.
This research explores the multifaceted role played by tourism in forming
social and cultural fabric of host communities, ultimately enriching their
sense of belonging and self-worth.
The respondents neither concur nor differ that the water-based
tourism on their area had an effect to their traditions” (2.87) and
respondents have mixed views regarding the effect of water-based tourism
on their traditions. Some may feel that tourism has a limited impact on their
traditions, while others may not be certain about its influence. The impact
of water-based tourism on traditional practices is a subject that elicits mixed
views among respondents (Marković & Klarić, 2015)
The results also shows that the respondents disagree with the statements
saying “water-based tourism had a negative impact on the local
community’s way of life” (2.22), because according to them meeting tourists
does not disturb them and instead, it gave them opportunities and they do
not perceive tourism as significantly disrupting their daily routines or
lifestyles. They also disagree that water-based tourism had negatively
impacted the cultural practices in the local community” (2.20), because according to
them meeting tourists does not disturb them and instead, it gave them opportunities and they do
not perceive tourism as significantly disrupting their daily routines or lifestyles. They also disagree that water-based tourism had negatively impacted the cultural practices in the local community” (2.20), because according to
Wang (2017) the influence of tourism on cultures and traditions has been a topic
of concern in recent years and while cultural tourism can result in
financial gains, but it might also cause disintegration of customary
societies and values. According to the sources provided, tourism activities
might bring favorable or bad impacts unto the sociocultural environment of
communities. On the lighter side, travel industry can add to the
enhancement of local culture by promoting cultural exchange, preserving
heritage sites and traditions, and providing opportunities for locals to
share their culture with tourists (Petruzzi et al., 2022)
Table 5. Level of agreement on perceived sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism. February 2024
Statements Mean Description
1. Water-based tourism has had a positive impact on the local community’s sociocultural life. 4.02 Agree
2. Water-based tourism has a significant effect on the local community’s social values. 3.89 Agree
3. Water-based tourism has had a positive effect on the local community’s cultural identity. 4.30 Strongly Agree
4. Water-based tourism has had a negative impact on the local community’s way of life. 2.22 Disagree
5. Water-based tourism has had no effect on the local community's traditions. 2.87 Neutral
6. Water-based tourism has had an effect on the environmental sustainability of your local community. 3.97 Agree
7. Water-based tourism has had a positive impact on the local economy. 4.23 Strongly Agree
8. Water-based tourism had negatively impacted the cultural practices in the local community. 2.20 Disagree
9. Water-based tourism had positively impacted the social interactions of local residents. 4.23 Strongly Agree
10. Water-based tourism activities bring in more cultural diversity to the local area. 4.06 Agree
11. Tourism activities along water bodies enhance the sociocultural environment of the local community. 4.10 Agree
12. Water-based tourism activities encourages the preservation of local cultural heritage. 4.21 Strongly Agree
Significant Differences Between Groups
In the Table 6, ANOVA was used to assess the significant differences
between groups according to the p-value of 0.05. Based on the analyzed
data, the difference according to age has a p-value of (0.39) which means
there is no significant difference when we differentiate their level of
agreement based on the respondents age.The tourist industry has
conducted a great deal of study on the sociocultural impacts of tourism.
According to some study, age does not appear to be a determining factor
in how individuals perceive the sociocultural impacts of tourism (Kirilenko
et al., 2021).The difference between groups according to their gender
consists a p-value of 0.18 which implies the same interpretation that they
do not differ when based on their gender. Difference according to
educational attainment” (0.20) which leads to an interpretation that their
level of agreement on the statements related to perceived sociocultural
impacts does not vary on their educational attainment. The result also
shows that the difference according to employment status is” (0.46),
therefore, respondents does not also differ even when grouped according
to their employment status. Lastly, the difference between groups according
to their monthly income is” (0.40) that leads to similar interpretations in
which there are also no significant differences between groups based on
their monthly income.
their monthly income. The researcher observed that their responses to the
survey do not significantly differ from each other in spite of their different
socioeconomic profile.
Table 6. Significant differences between the socioeconomic profile of the respondents and the perceived level of sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism. February 2024
ANOVA
Difference Between
Groups P-value Interpretation
Difference according to age
0.39
There is no Significant difference
Difference according to Gender
0.18
There is no Significant difference
Difference according to Educational attainment
0.20
There is no Significant difference
Difference according to Employment Status
0.46
There is no Significant difference
Difference according to Monthly Income
0.40
There is no Significant difference
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The survey relating to perceived level of sociocultural impacts of
water-based tourism was conducted at Barangay Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur. The data gathered through research instrument was
analyzed and given interpretations.
It is clear that the vast majority of those surveyed are adults aging
31-60 years old, most of them are females with highest educational
attainment of high school undergraduate. The data also shows that most
of the respondents are unemployed while next to it are self- employed.
(67%) which is the majority, has an estimated monthly income of less
than 5,000 pesos. When it comes to identifying water-based tourist spots,
(99.7%) of the population are fully aware of above-mentioned tourist spots
in their area.
The research findings indicates that residents view water-based
tourism positively. They believe it fosters sociocultural cohesion, promotes
social values like hospitality, and cooperation and also contributes to their
environmental sustainability. Furthermore, water-based tourism brings
cultural diversity and enhances the sociocultural environment.
In Barangay Colonsabac, residents strongly believe that water-based
tourism has several positive effects on their community. This includes a
significant impact on their cultural identity, suggesting that tourism is
closely linked to their cultural and historical heritage. It also positively
influences the local economy, leading to economic well-being. Additionally,
water-based tourism fosters social interactions, encouraging community
engagement and the formation of social bonds. Moreover, residents
strongly agree that it encourages the conservation of their traditional
legacy by emphasizing the importance of local traditions and ensuring
their continuation.
interaction while others emphasize the enhancement of the local culture
and sociocultural environment through tourism activities.
Based on the analyzed data using ANOVA, research hypothesis will
be accepted as there is no any significant differences between the
socioeconomic profile of the respondents and their perceived level of
sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
Conclusion
According to the researcher’s findings, these are the following conclusions
in this study:
1. Respondents’ majority are adults in the age range of 31-60, they are
more likely to be females, and have an educational attainment of
high school undergraduate. Most of them are unemployed and have
an estimated monthly income of less than 5,000 pesos.
2. Residents of Brgy. Colonsabac, Matanao are fully aware of the water-based
tourist spots located in their area which are, Balnunto falls, Soliman falls,
Anbang falls, and Fetam Klego.
3. Residents of Barangay Colonsabac, Matanao, Davao del Sur have a
strong positive view about water-based tourism on the sociocultural
aspects of the community.
4. There are no significant differences between the socioeconomic
profile of the respondents and the perceived level of sociocultural
impacts of water-based tourism.
Recommendations
According to the researcher’s findings, these are the following
recommendations in this study:
1. The researcher suggests that development and improvement of
existing water-based tourist spots must be continued and intensified
as it brings a favorable contributions to the sociocultural life within
nearby community.
2. It is recommended for strategy makers and tourism planners to
continue targeting and expand enhancement of water-based tourist
spots in different areas of Matanao, Davao del Sur, as it does not
only promote the beauty of its natural resources but also promotes
the culture and customs of the local area.
4. To the future researchers, conducting similar studies that targets
different municipalities might be meaningful and as important, as
research findings may differ or vary in a particular location when it
comes to perceived sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1. Validation Sheet
VALIDATIONSHEETFORRESEARCHINSTRUMENT
Name of Evaluator: [unreadable]
Degree: [unreadable]
Position: [unreadable]
Number of Years in Teaching: [unreadable]
To the Evaluator: Pleasechecktheappropriateboxforyour
Ratings
5 Excellent
4 Very Good
3 Good
2 Fair
1 Poor
ITEMS
1. Clarity of Directions and Items
Thevocabul arylevel, language, structure andconceptuallevelofquestions...
2. Presentation and Organization of Items
3. Suitability of Items
4. Adequateness of Items per Indicator
5. Attainment of Purpose
6. Objectivity
7. Scale and Evaluation Rating Scale
Remarks: [unreadable]
SignatureoverPrintedName
APPENDIX 2. Survey Questionnaire
Perceived level of Sociocultural Impacts of Water-based Tourism In Matanao, Davao del Sur
Dear Madam and Sir!
I am currently undertaking my thesis study titled " Perceived Level of Sociocultural Impacts of Water-based Tourism In Matanao, Davao del Sur" In line with this, I am asking for your short time to answer this survey questionnaire by just filling out the spaces below. Your cooperation will help me to accomplish my bachelor's degree. Any information you provide will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.
Part 1. Socioeconomic profile:
Please write your answer in the space provided:
1.1 Age __
1.2 Gender __
Please check (/) your answer:
1.3 Highest educational attainment
__ Elementary Graduate
__ Elementary Undergraduate
__ High school Graduate
__ High school Undergraduate
__ College Graduate
__ College Undergraduate
1.4 Employment status
__ Self-Employed
__ Unemployed
__ Full time Employee
__ Retired
1.5 Monthly income
__ Less than 5,000
__ 5,000-10,000
__ 11,000-15,000
__ 16,000 and up
Part II. Identifying Water-based Tourist Spots In Matanao
Please mark check ( / ) if you are familiar with any water-based tourist spots in your area listed below:
(Select all that apply)
___ Balnunto Waterfalls
___ Soliman Waterfalls
___ Anbang Falls
___ Fetam Klego
Part III. Perceived level of sociocultural impacts of water-based tourism.
Please mark check ( / ) your level of agreement or disagreement with the following statements below:
5-Strongly agree 4-Agree 3-Neutral
2-Disagree 1-Strongly Disagree
Statements/ Indicators Scale
5 4 3 2 1
1. Water-based tourism has had a positive impact on the local community's sociocultural life.
2. Water-based tourism has a significant effect on the local community's social values.
3. Water-based tourism has had a positive effect on the local community's cultural identity.
4. Water-based tourism has had a negative impact on the local community's way of life.
5. Water-based tourism has had no effect on the local community's traditions
6. Water-based tourism has had an effect on the environmental sustainability of your local community
7. Water-based tourism has had a positive impact on the local economy.
8. Water-based tourism had negatively impacted the local cultural
practices in the local community.
9. Water-based tourism had positively impacted the social interactions of local residents.
10. Water based tourism activities bring in more cultural diversity to the local area.
11. Tourism activities along water bodies enhance the sociocultural environment of the local community.
12. Water-based tourism activities encourages the preservation of local cultural heritage.
Appendix 3. Permit to Conduct
PERMIT TO CONDUCT THESIS STUDY/CAPSTONE PROJECT
Date:
AUGIE E. FUENTES, PhD.
College President
Davao del Sur State College
Thru: MARK JUDE F. TRONDILLO, PhD
Director, RDE
Dear Dr. Fuentes,
[unreadable]
Appendix 4. Filled-up survey questionnaire sample
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Community Perceptions on The Socioeconomic Impacts of Water-based Tourism in Matanao, Davao del Sur
Dear Madam and Sir:
I am currently undertaking any thesis study titled "Community Perceptions on The Socioeconomic Impacts of Water-based Tourism in Matanao, Davao del Sur" I am asking for your cooperation and permission to answer this survey instrument. Any information you provide will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.
Part I. Socioeconomic profile
1. Age (in years)
2. Sex
3. Civil status
4. Highest educational attainment
5. Employment status
6. [unreadable]
Part II. [unreadable]
Part III. Perceived socio-cultural impacts of water-based tourism.
[unreadable]
APPENDIX 5. Photo Documentation
TORREON
GOBERNADOR
04
APPENDIX 6. TURNITIN RESULTS
CURRICULUM VITAE