PURIFYING WASTE WATER BY ELIMINATING PHOSPHORUS USING BIOCHAR – UP 2145113

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Despite being essential to life, the accumulation of excessive phosphorus in water bodies harms aquatic ecosystems. Excessive nutrients lead to eutrophication, a common water quality problem caused by algal blooms. Eutrophication has effects that extend beyond health, security, food supply, and tourism.

RISK ASSESSMENT

Potential dangers associated with research include chemical exposure, thermal burns, inhalation of hazardous fumes, and physical injury from handling machinery and eye injury due to chemical splashes were identified. Further, mitigation measures such as obtaining proper training, wearing proper PPEs, and keeping the working area tidy were followed. Additionally, ensured to submit a thorough risk assessment before commencing the laboratory studies.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

Column Test – Column test was carried out continuously for 16 days. The all results shown in figure 2 Fe modified biochar demonstrated a removal efficiency of 80.93% at a flow rate of 0.66 l/hr and over 90% at 0.33 l/hr, with an average removal efficiency of 90.59%. The efficiency had a low standard deviation. Further, Fe modified biochar had a highest removal efficiency of 77.64% and an average of 57.13%. The unaltered biochar had the lowest effectiveness of 35.29% and 22.09% respectively?

Figure 7: Proposed hybrid method

Jar test – Average phosphorus removal efficiency for all conducted jar tests are shown in figure 3. Fe enhanced biochar demonstrated the maximum removal efficiency with an 81.82% removal efficiency. Then, unmodified biochar (22.09%) and mg-modified (68.72%) followed, respectively. Further, increasing the amount of biochar increases removal efficiencies in biochar treated with Fe.

Figure 3: Average phosphorus removal efficiency

unreadable

DISCUSSION

The The research highlights the significance of satisfying UK regulatory standards for phosphorus removal from wastewater, which require a phosphorus content of 0.25 mg/L. The research indicates that Fe-modified biochar alone can achieve only about 90% removal efficiency and is not effective for very low phosphorus concentrations. A hybrid strategy is needed to achieve the specified threshold based on the characteristics of Fe enhanced biochar and unmodified biochar. Further, Fe-modified biochar is used to achieve a phosphorus removal efficiency of approximately 90%. Moreover, resulting in a reduction in phosphorus concentration to around 90%, the concentration falls below 1 mg/L. An additional suggestion is to pass the effluent with a concentration of 1 mg/L through unmodified biochar. The recommended hybrid method is as shown in figure 7.

RECOMMENDATION

This research highlights the significance of satisfying UK regulatory standards for phosphorus removal from wastewater, which require a phosphorus content of 0.25 mg/L. The research indicates that Fe-modified biochar alone can achieve an 90% removal efficiency and is not effective for very low phosphorus concentrations. A hybrid strategy is proposed to reach the threshold based on the characteristics of Fe enhanced biochar and unmodified biochar. Further, Fe-modified biochar is used to achieve a phosphorus removal efficiency of approximately 90%. Moreover, reducing the concentration falls below 1 mg/L. An additional suggestion is to pass the effluent with a concentration of 1 mg/L through unmodified biochar. The recommended hybrid method is as shown in figure 7.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, a hybrid approach using Fe-modified biochar and unmodified biochar can enhance phosphorus removal from wastewater, balancing efficiency and concentration goals toward regulatory thresholds.

TIMELINE

(Boxes for timeline)

FUTURE WORKS

(Boxes for future work)

TIME LINE

(In conclusion, reducing construction waste.)

REFERENCE

062022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/6/062022