Admiral James Stavridis in his seminal work Sea power, The History and Geopolitics of the World's Ocean has emphasized on the significance of oceans by quoting historical evidences and states that historically oceans have played a key role in the development of mankind which increased multifold with the technological advancements as the states are now aspiring to get hold of the resources present within maritime domain. Stavridis accentuates about the extreme scale of resources of the Arctic Ocean Region which characterizes a prize that will draw increasing attention from many quarters, creating tension and danger.

While emphasizing on the significance of the Arctic Ocean, PK Gautama's article "The Arctic as a Global Common" expounds that the Arctic Ocean Region should be treated as a global common and a common inheritance of mankind. At present, the Arctic states are dominating the region along with the Arctic Council. These states are pursuing their national interests, their focus is quite limited to exploitation of natural resources, claiming to extend Exclusive Economic Zones and the emerging trade routes. Protection of ecology and environment is low on their priority agendas. Their current policies and activities are fueling the process of degradation of ecology. He has emphasized the role of developing countries that instead of sitting aside and leaving the developed state to deal with issues of the Arctic's future, developing states need to play a vibrant role similar to that they are playing in the negotiations over space.

Hooman Peimani's Energy Security and Geopolitics in the Arctic identifies the probable opportunities and challenges evolving in the polar region as a result of global warming and climate change. The Arctic Ocean appears to be on the flight from a frozen state to a seasonally ice-free and open condition in the coming decades. Although thick multiyear sea ice is expected to be along the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and with the northern coast of Greenland, as well as the winter Arctic Sea ice through Arctic basin, still they might not restrict a shorter and productive Arctic summer season, in which trade routes are benign and manageable. The viability and reliability of these routes remain in question due to the presence of large icebergs. For Peimani wherever these icebergs exist in the "shoulder season", it can become a hurdle as hurricanes and wind shifts can take them into those trade route, where it can create problem for ships. Apart from these challenges the persistence of multiyear sea ice conditions in some areas is another important factor which must be taken into consideration, while examining the possibilities and challenges of Arctic's energy worth.

Oran Young's work "Arctic Politics in an Era of Global Change" defines the significance of the Arctic Ocean Region in the 21st century from economic and political standpoint. In the new millennium Arctic has occupied a center stage in the intelligent of diplomats centered in national capitals and business directors located in commercial centers around the globe. Since the effects of climate change and forces of globalization, the region has come to be a focus of attention in the international arena in terms of commercial shipping and growth of energy reserves not only for

policy makers in the regional states but also for far-flung regions like Japan, China, Republic of Korea, Germany and Brazil etc.

In the article "The Role of China in Emerging Arctic Security Discourse", Marc Lanteigne has highlighted the role of China in the Arctic Ocean. In the years to come scientific activities, particularly related to the issue of climate change and global warming in Arctic region, will definitely be an essential part of China's Arctic policy. Moreover, as the Arctic continues to develop strategic anxieties would inevitably be covering a greater part of Beijing's Arctic philosophy. This will be relatively because of growing Chinese need of energy and raw material. China also wants a more efficient and shorter route for transporting Chinese products to international markets. China wishes not be excluded either by other great powers or Arctic littoral states, once commercial activities develop in the region rapidly and especially if energy prices recover.