1. Private property
2. Patriotism
3. Instrumental reasoning
4. John Stuart Mill
5. The aristocratic character of religion
6. The world state
Patriotism:
Patriotism is an individual's strong emotional attachment and commitment towards his country or nation. It is an essential political good as it creates a sense of social unity and readiness for a collective sacrifice for the common benefits of the community, country, or nation. Patriotism instills a solid moral drive in groups and individuals belonging to a political community; this sense is invoked when there is an external threat to the political community to preserve their lives.
John Stuart Mill:
John Stuart Mill was one of the nineteenth century's most influential English philosophers and economists. As a philosopher, he made notable contributions to liberalism, utilitarianism, and the theory of liberty. Mill's advocacy of the principles of individual freedom, freedom of speech, and the limitation of the state's powers has significantly impacted modern liberal democracies. Mill's views are relevant to the presumed political good of liberty as they focus on the essential need to secure civil rights and autonomy.
The aristocratic character of religion
The aristocratic character of religion alludes to the dominance and elitism that characterize religious institutions. The idea is associated with the historical conquest of religious elites without the involvement of the laity in decisions that affect the entire religion. The aristocratic nature of religion is reflected as some individuals possessing higher intellect, virtue, and the connection to God than others. Religious groups have priests, rabbis, monks, and imams. These individuals serve as spiritual leaders, advising and guiding others on their journey. As such, it relates to the principle of equality as a fundamental political good. There is a need to correct power injustices and the exclusion of laypeople in religious organizations to promote fairness and justice among religious followers.
The world state
The notion of the world state refers to a theoretical idea seeking a single governmental authority that has jurisdiction over the whole Earth and humanity. Those in its favor contend that a world state may address the plague of war, poverty, and environmental destruction by inspiring global collaboration and unifying the globe under a single regulatory organization. The concept of a world state is crucial in terms of the political common good of peace as it presents a picture of
how shared international policies may claim precedence over national boundaries to avert war and enhance the common welfare.
Private property
The term "private property" refers to property owned by non-governmental legal entities. It entails the legal right of individuals or collectives to possess, control, and exploit their property, assets, or belongings. Private property is associated with the basic political good of autonomy since it allows people to exercise full control over their property. Furthermore, private property rights stimulate productivity, investment, and innovation, ultimately benefiting material financial well-being by stimulating economic growth and development.
Instrumental reasoning
In philosophy, instrumental reasoning refers to the technique of using reason as an instrument to decide on the most significant and effective way to accomplish a goal. Additionally, it helps policymakers achieve efficient budget management and optimal resource allocation, therefore contributing to the instrumental good of prosperity. Instrumental reasoning is essential for democratic societies to make the best decisions and enables individuals to assert their sense of justice. It helps citizens scrutinize policies and take an active role in political activities to shape their community, making decisions based on fairness.